To draw: The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers. Introduction: Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.4PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of glutamate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of methionine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of threonine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.4PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of glutamate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of methionine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of threonine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.4PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of glutamate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of methionine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of threonine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.4PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of glutamate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of methionine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of threonine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 10.4PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of glutamate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of methionine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of threonine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 10.4PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 10.4PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of leucine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of glutamate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of glutamate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of methionine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of methionine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 12

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of threonine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 13

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of threonine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule. Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a larger side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1PP Ch. 10 - Classify each of the amino acids in Problem 10.1...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.3PP Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.4PP Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.5PP Ch. 10 - Give the three-letter and one-letter abbreviations...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.7PP Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.8PP Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.10PP Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.11PP

Solution Summary: The author explains that amino acids are the integral components of a protein molecule.

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