Chapter 10, Problem 10.1PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To draw:

The structure of alanine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers.

Introduction:

Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a large side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Alanine is a non essential amino acid. The three letter abbreviation of alanine is “Ala” and the one letter code is “A”. The side chain of alanine contains hydrocarbon as functional group.

Pictorial representation:

The structure of amino acid Alanine.

Fig 1: The structure of amino acid Alanine (Ala, A).

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of lysine and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers

Introduction:

Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a large side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Lysine is an essential amino acid. The three letter abbreviation of lysine is “Lys” and the one letter code is “K”. The side chain of lysine contains protonated amine as functional group.

Pictorial representation: The structure of amino acid Lysine.

Fig 2: The structure of amino acid Lysine (Lys, K).

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of tryptophan and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers

Introduction:

Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a large side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid. The three letter abbreviation of tryptophan is “Trp” and the one letter code is “W”. The side chain of tryptophan contains aromatic ring as functional group.

Pictorial representation:

The structure of amino acid Tryptophan.

Fig 3: The structure of amino acid Tryptophan (Trp, W).

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The structure of aspartate and mark an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers

Introduction:

Amino acids contain a protonated amine and a carboxylic acid in the form of carboxylate ion. These two functional groups are bonded to a central carbon atom called the alpha-carbon. The protonated amine bonded to this carbon is called alpha-amino group and the carboxylate ion as the alpha carboxylate group. The alpha-carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a large side chain designated as R, which gives unique identification and characteristics to each amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Aspartate is a non essential amino acid. The three letter abbreviation of aspartate is “Asp” and the one letter code is “D”. The side chain of aspartate contains carboxylate as functional group.

Pictorial representation:

The structure of amino acid Aspartate.

Fig 4: The structure of amino acid Aspartate (Asp, D)