Chapter 10, Problem 10.42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the given conversion has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols: An alcohol can be converted into an alkene by dehydration (with elimination of water from adjacent carbon). By heating alcohol with either $85\%$ phosphoric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid. Primary alcohol require high temperature as high as ${\text{180}}^{\text{o}}\text{C}$ whereas secondary alcohol require somewhat lower temperature. Acid-catalyzed dehydration of tertiary alcohols often requires temperature only slightly above room temperature.

Ease of dehydration of alcohols:

The ease of acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols is in the order as follows,

$\stackrel{{\text{1}}^{\text{o}}\text{alcohol}\text{<}{\text{2}}^{\text{o}}{\text{alcohol < 3}}^{\text{o}}\text{alcohol}}{\to }$

Ozonolysis: The unsaturated bonds of alkene, alkyne, or azo compounds are cleaved with ozone which multiple C-C bonds been replaced by carbonyl group.