Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393600681
Author: Gilbert
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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A flask of ammonia is connected to a flask of an unknown acid HX by a 1.22 m glass tube (where "X" represents a halogen). As the two gases diffuse down the tube, a white ring of NH4X forms 83.6 cm from the ammonia flask. Identify element X (Name or symbol).
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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- How does hydraulic fracturing differ from previously used techniques for the recovery of natural gas from the earth?arrow_forwardYou have a gas, one of the three known phosphorus-fluorine compounds (PF3, PF3, and P2F4). To find out which, you have decided to measure its molar mass. (a) First, yon determine that the density of the gas is 5.60 g/L at a pressure of 0.971 atm and a temperature of 18.2 C. Calculate the molar mass and identify the compound. (b) To check the results from part (a), you decide to measure the molar mass based on the relative rales of effusion of the unknown gas and CO2. You find that CO2 effuses at a rate of 0.050 mol/min, whereas the unknown phosphorus fluoride effuses at a rate of 0.028 mol/min. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas based on these results.arrow_forwardLiquid oxygen was first prepared by heating potassium chlorate, KClO3, in a closed vessel to obtain oxygen at high pressure. The oxygen was cooled until it liquefied. 2KClO3(s)2KCl(s)+3O2(g) If 171 g of potassium chlorate reacts in a 2.70-L vessel, which was initially evacuated, what pressure of oxygen will be attained when the temperature is finally cooled to 25C? Use the preceding chemical equation and ignore the volume of solid product.arrow_forward
- A sample of a smoke stack emission was collected into a 1.25-L tank at 752 mm Hg and analyzed. The analysis showed 92% CO2, 3.6% NO, 1.2% SO2, and 4.1% H2O by mass. What is the partial pressure exerted by each gas?arrow_forwardA 1.0-L flask contains 10.0 g each of O2 and CO2 at 25 C. (a) Which gas has the greater partial pressure, O2 or CO2, or are they the same? (b) Which molecules have the greater rms speed, or are they the same? (c) Which molecules have the greater average kinetic energy, or are they the same?arrow_forwardAmmonia gas is synthesized by combining hydrogen and nitrogen: 3 H2(g) + N2(g) 2 NH3(g) (a) If you want to produce 562 g of NH3, what volume of H2 gas, at 56 C and 745 mm Hg, is required? (b) Nitrogen for this reaction will be obtained from air. What volume of air, measured at 29 C and 745 mm Hg pressure, will be required to provide the nitrogen needed to produce 562 g of NH3? Assume the sample of air contains 78.1 mole % N2.arrow_forward
- Raoul Pictet, the Swiss physicist who first liquefied oxygen, attempted to liquefy hydrogen. He heated potassium formate, KCHO2, with KOH in a closed 2.50-Lvessel. KCHO2(s)+KOH(s)K2CO3(s)+H2(g) If 75.0 g of potassium formate reacts in a 2.50-L vessel, which was initially evacuated, what pressure of hydrogen will be attained when the temperature is finally cooled to 25C? Use the preceding chemical equation and ignore the volume of solid product.arrow_forwardYou have two pressure-proof steel cylinders of equal volume, one containing 1.0 kg of CO and the other containing 1.0 kg of acetylene, C2H2. (a) In which cylinder is the pressure greater at 25 C? (b) Which cylinder contains the greater number of molecules?arrow_forwardTwo vessels are labeled A and B. Vessel A contains NH3 gas at 74°C, and vessel B contains Ne gas at the same temperature. If the average kinetic energy of NH3 is 7.1 ×10−21 J/molecule at 70°C, calculate the root-mean-square speed of Ne atoms in m/s.arrow_forward
- Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. Sodium metal reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas according to the following equation: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(a) + H2( The product gas, H2, is collected over water at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 758.0 mm Hg. If the wet H2 gas formed occupies a volume of 7.24 L, the number of grams of H2 g. The vapor pressure of formed is water is 17.5 mm Hg at 20 °C.arrow_forward2) 193 mL of oxygen, O2, was collected over water on a day when the atmospheric pressure was 762.0 mmHg.The temperature of the water was 23.0 °C.(At 23.0° C the vapor pressure of water is 21.1 mmHg)a) What is the partial pressure of the oxygen gas collected? b) How many moles of oxygen were collected? c) How many grams of oxygen were collected?arrow_forwardc) This relationship is known as Graham's Law of Effusion. Since both gases are at te same temperature, they must have the same average kinetic energy (½ mv²), where m is mass and v is velocity (like speed). Since both gases have the same average kinetic energy, you can state that ½ muvL2 = v ². Multiplying both sides by 2 gives you m v 2 y ². Rearranging the equation to get H H LL H H 2 m = m both masses on the same side of the equation will give you mu/mH = V 2/VL2. In 3a and 3b, you probably noticed that the heavy gas particles took twice as long to diffuse as the light gas particles. This means that the light gas particles are moving twice as fast, VH/VL = ½. Therefore, V 2/VL2 = ¼. How many times heavier is the heavy gas compared to the light gas? d) If the light gas was Ne, what would be a reasonable identity for the heavy gas?arrow_forward
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