Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305705159
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure formula with all valence electrons should be drawn for a carbonyl group.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structures can be drawn by following some point for any compound as mentioned below:

  • Find out number of valence electrons present in the molecule
  • The connectivity of atoms need to be understood like which atoms are linked with each other and connect them with covalnet bonds
  • The arrangements of electrons in proper manner to achieve complete outer shell
With the help of Lewis model, we can understand the structure formula as well as number of valence electrons of atom present in molecule. Lewis model provide details about the covalent bond present in between atoms like single bond, double bond or triple bond. A covalent bond is formed between the atoms which have electronegativity less than 1.9 and have pairs of electron for sharing.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.29P

Lewis structure for a carbonyl group:

Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  1

Explanation of Solution

The structure of any atom of prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

Single covalent bond occurs by sharing one pair of electrons and can be represented by single line in between atoms.

Double and triple bonds are formed when two and three pairs of electrons are shared in between atoms respectively and can be represented by two or three lines in between the atoms.

For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

  1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
  2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
  3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
  4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

To draw Lewis structure for a carbonyl group, following are the steps:

  • Carbonyl group is generally producing aldehydes when one hydrocarbon and one hydrogen is bonded with its carbon atom and ketone when two hydrocarbon groups bonded to its carbon.
  • Carbonyl group has double bond between its carbon and oxygen atoms which is completing oxygen’s octet and had two unshared pair of electrons over oxygen symbol.
  • Carbon can form four bonds from which it has formed double bond with oxygen and two single bonds forms with hydrogen and hydrocarbon or both. This can complete octet of carbon.
  • Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  2

    Interpretation Introduction

    (b)

    Interpretation:

    The structure formula with all valence electrons should be drawn for a carboxyl group.

    Concept Introduction:

    Lewis structures can be prepared by following some point for any compound as mentioned below:

    • Find out number of valence electrons present in the molecule
    • The connectivity o atoms need to be understood like which atoms are linked with each other and connect them with covalnet bonds
    • The arrangements of electrons in proper manner to achieve complete outer shell
    With the help of Lewis model, we can understand the structure formula as well as number of valence electrons of atom present in molecule. Lewis model provide details about the covalent bond present in between atoms like single bond, double bond or triple bond. A covalent bond is formed between the atoms which have electronegativity less than 1.9 and have pairs of electron for sharing.

    Expert Solution
    Check Mark

    Answer to Problem 10.29P

    To draw Lewis structure for a carboxyl group:

    Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  3

    Explanation of Solution

    The structure of any atom of prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

    Single covalent bond occurs by sharing one pair of electrons and can be represented by single line in between atoms.

    Double and triple bonds are formed when two and three pairs of electrons are shared in between atoms respectively and can be represented by two or three lines in between the atoms.

    For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

    1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
    2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
    3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
    4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

    To draw Lewis structure for a carboxyl group, following are the steps:

  • There are two oxygen atoms present which have formed one single covalent bond with hydrogen atom and one single covalent bond with carbon. There is two valence electron pair of oxygen represented as two dots on symbol of oxygen.
  • Second oxygen atom has double bond with carbon atom and completes its octet along with two unshared pair of electron on it.
  • Carbon atom formed double as well as single bond with both oxygen atoms and one single bond with hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom to complete its octet with no unshared pair of electrons.
  • R is any hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atoms which bonds with carbon of carboxyl group. Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  4
  • Interpretation Introduction

    (c)

    Interpretation:

    The structure formula with all valence electrons should be drawn for a hydroxyl group.

    Concept Introduction:

    Lewis structures can be prepared by following some point for any compound as mentioned below:

    • Find out number of valence electrons present in the molecule
    • The connectivity o atoms need to be understood like which atoms are linked with each other and connect them with covalnet bonds
    • The arrangements of electrons in proper manner to achieve complete outer shell
    With the help of Lewis model, we can understand the structure formula as well as number of valence electrons of atom present in molecule. Lewis model provide details about the covalent bond present in between atoms like single bond, double bond or triple bond. A covalent bond is formed between the atoms which have electronegativity less than 1.9 and have pairs of electron for sharing.

    Expert Solution
    Check Mark

    Answer to Problem 10.29P

    To draw Lewis structure for a hydroxyl group:

    Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  5

    Explanation of Solution

    The structure of any atom of prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

    Single covalent bond occurs by sharing one pair of electrons and can be represented by single line in between atoms.

    Double and triple bonds are formed when two and three pairs of electrons are shared in between atoms respectively and can be represented by two or three lines in between the atoms.

    For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

    1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
    2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
    3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
    4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

    To draw Lewis structure for a hydroxyl group, following are the steps:

  • As hydroxyl contains two atoms − Oxygen and hydrogen, oxygen only forms one single covalent bond with hydrogen and has three pair of unshed pair of electrons.
  • Oxygen atoms is not stable because only one covalent is formed, leads to results into formation of hydroxide ion.
  • Hydrogen atom completes its duet with single bond of oxygen.
  • Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  6

    Interpretation Introduction

    (d)

    Interpretation:

    The structure formula with all valence electrons should be drawn for a primary amine group.

    Concept Introduction:

    Lewis structures can be prepared by following some point for any compound as mentioned below:

    • Find out number of valence electrons present in the molecule
    • The connectivity o atoms need to be understood like which atoms are linked with each other and connect them with covalnet bonds
    • The arrangements of electrons in proper manner to achieve complete outer shell
    With the help of Lewis model, we can understand the structure formula as well as number of valence electrons of atom present in molecule. Lewis model provide details about the covalent bond present in between atoms like single bond, double bond or triple bond. A covalent bond is formed between the atoms which have electronegativity less than 1.9 and have pairs of electron for sharing.

    Expert Solution
    Check Mark

    Answer to Problem 10.29P

    To draw Lewis structure for a primary amino group:

    Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  7

    Explanation of Solution

    The structure of any atom of prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

    Single covalent bond occurs by sharing one pair of electrons and can be represented by single line in between atoms.

    Double and triple bonds are formed when two and three pairs of electrons are shared in between atoms respectively and can be represented by two or three lines in between the atoms.

    For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

    1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
    2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
    3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
    4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

    To draw Lewis structure for a carbonyl group, following are the steps:

  • In any primary amine group, nitrogen atom is present which carries one unshared pair of electron to bind with any hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom to forma compound.
  • Two single covalent bonds of nitrogen are satisfied by hydrogen atoms and both hydrogen atoms also complete its duets by sharing valence electrons with nitrogen atom.
  • Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  8

    Interpretation Introduction

    (e)

    Interpretation:

    The structure formula with all valence electrons should be drawn for an ester group.

    Concept Introduction:

    Lewis structures can be prepared by following some point for any compound as mentioned below:

    • Find out number of valence electrons present in the molecule
    • The connectivity o atoms need to be understood like which atoms are linked with each other and connect them with covalnet bonds
    • The arrangements of electrons in proper manner to achieve complete outer shell
    With the help of Lewis model, we can understand the structure formula as well as number of valence electrons of atom present in molecule. Lewis model provide details about the covalent bond present in between atoms like single bond, double bond or triple bond. A covalent bond is formed between the atoms which have electronegativity less than 1.9 and have pairs of electron for sharing.

    Expert Solution
    Check Mark

    Answer to Problem 10.29P

    To draw Lewis structure for an ester group:

    Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  9

    Explanation of Solution

    The structure of any atom of prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for bonding of atom. It guides about the covalent bonds which are formed in various combinations of single, double and triple bonds.

    Single covalent bond occurs by sharing one pair of electrons and can be represented by single line in between atoms.

    Double and triple bonds are formed when two and three pairs of electrons are shared in between atoms respectively and can be represented by two or three lines in between the atoms.

    For several covalent bonds in organic compound containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen shows some important points to be noted for structure are as follow:

    1. Carbon forms four covalent bonds while hydrogen form one covalent bond and both has no unshared pair of electrons.
    2. Three covalent bonds are formed in nitrogen atom with only one unshared pair of electron left behind.
    3. Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and have further more two unshared pair of electron.
    4. Iodine, chlorine, bromine and fluorine like halogens can form only one covalent bond like hydrogen but they have three unshared pair of electrons.

    To draw Lewis structure for an ester group, following are the steps:

  • There are three atoms present in an ester group − Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon. Carbon forms double bond with oxygen and one single bond with hydrogen by sharing two and one valence electrons respectively. To complete its octet, carbon forms a single bond with any hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom.
  • Oxygen carries two valence electron pair and satisfies octet rule by bonding with carbon atom through double covalent bond.
  • Hydrogen and carbon shares one valence electron pair.
  • Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 10, Problem 10.29P , additional homework tip  10

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    Chapter 10 Solutions

    Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card

    Ch. 10 - 10-11 What important experiment did Wohler carry...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.12PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.13PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.14PCh. 10 - 10-15 How many electrons are in the valence shell...Ch. 10 - 10-16 What is the relationship between the number...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.17PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.18PCh. 10 - 10-19 Write Lewis structures for these ions. (a)...Ch. 10 - 10-20 Why are the following molecular formulas...Ch. 10 - 10-21 Explain how to use the valence-shell...Ch. 10 - 10-22 Suppose you forget to take into account the...Ch. 10 - Suppose you forget to take into account the...Ch. 10 - 10-24 Use the VSEPR model to predict the bond...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.25PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.26PCh. 10 - 10-27 What is meant by the term functional group?Ch. 10 - 10-28 List three reasons why functional groups are...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.29PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.30PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.31PCh. 10 - 10-32 Draw a structural formula for the one...Ch. 10 - 10-33 What is the meaning of the term tertiary (...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.34PCh. 10 - Draw structural formulas for each of the...Ch. 10 - 10-36 Draw structural formulas for the six ketones...Ch. 10 - 10-37 Draw structural formulas for the eight...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.38PCh. 10 - 10-39 (Chemical Connections 10A) How was Taxol...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.40PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.41PCh. 10 - Silicon is immediately below carbon in Group 4A of...Ch. 10 - 10-43 Phosphorus is immediately below nitrogen in...Ch. 10 - Draw the structure for a compound with the...Ch. 10 - 10-45 Draw structural formulas for the eight...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.46PCh. 10 - 10-47 Which of these covalent bonds are polar, and...Ch. 10 - Of the bonds in Problem 10-47, which is the most...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.49PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.50PCh. 10 - Following is a structural formula for naphthalene....Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.52PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.53PCh. 10 - Urea, (NH.,)2CO, is used in plastics and in fertil...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.55PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.56PCh. 10 - Aspirin is prepared by the reaction of salicylic-...Ch. 10 - Following is the structural formula of acetamide....Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.59P
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