
Application Layer:
Application layer provides the ability to access the network to a user. It includes the information of interfaces and helps in managing the
Transport Layer:
Transport layer is used for transferring the data or messages between the nodes and the devices. The data is sent in the form of blocks or segments. It is used to establish the end-to-end connection between the source and the destination.
Network Layer:
Network layer is provides the path in which the data packets are transferred from the source to the destination. It also helps in converting the logical or IP address to physical or Media Access Control (MAC) address.
Link Layer:
Link layer is the aggregation of procedures and protocols used in a link to share the data between the nodes. It includes mainly three functions namely, detection of transmission errors, regulation of data flow and provides well-structured interface.

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Chapter 1 Solutions
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
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