EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220102955479
Author: Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem P20P
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Let
The general expression for throughput in terms of
Therefore, th
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Consider a router buffer preceding an outbound link. In this problem, you will use Little’s formula, a famous formula from queuing theory. Let N denote the average number of packets in the buffer plus the packet being transmitted. Let a denote the rate of packets arriving at the link. Let d denote the average total delay (i.e., the queuing delay plus the transmission delay) experienced by a packet. Little’s formula is N=a⋅d . Suppose that on average, the buffer contains 10 packets, and the average packet queuing delay is 10 msec. The link’s transmission rate is 100 packets/sec. Using Little’s formula, what is the average packet arrival rate, assuming there is no packet loss?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
Ch. 1 - What is the difference between a host and an end...Ch. 1 - The word protocol is often used to describe...Ch. 1 - Why are standards important for protocols?Ch. 1 - Prob. R4RQCh. 1 - Prob. R5RQCh. 1 - Prob. R6RQCh. 1 - Prob. R7RQCh. 1 - Prob. R8RQCh. 1 - Prob. R9RQCh. 1 - Prob. R10RQ
Ch. 1 - Prob. R11RQCh. 1 - What advantage does a circuit-switched network...Ch. 1 - Prob. R13RQCh. 1 - Prob. R14RQCh. 1 - Prob. R15RQCh. 1 - Prob. R16RQCh. 1 - Prob. R17RQCh. 1 - Prob. R18RQCh. 1 - Suppose Host A wants to send a large file to Host...Ch. 1 - Prob. R20RQCh. 1 - Prob. R21RQCh. 1 - Prob. R22RQCh. 1 - What are the five layers in the Internet protocol...Ch. 1 - Prob. R24RQCh. 1 - Prob. R25RQCh. 1 - Prob. R26RQCh. 1 - Prob. R27RQCh. 1 - Prob. R28RQCh. 1 - Equation 1.1 gives a formula for the end-to-end...Ch. 1 - Prob. P3PCh. 1 - Prob. P4PCh. 1 - Prob. P5PCh. 1 - This elementary problem begins to explore...Ch. 1 - Prob. P7PCh. 1 - Suppose users share a 3 Mbps link. Also suppose...Ch. 1 - Prob. P9PCh. 1 - Prob. P10PCh. 1 - In the above problem, suppose R1 = R2 = R3 = R and...Ch. 1 - Prob. P13PCh. 1 - Consider the queuing delay in a router buffer. Let...Ch. 1 - Prob. P15PCh. 1 - Prob. P16PCh. 1 - Prob. P17PCh. 1 - Prob. P20PCh. 1 - Prob. P21PCh. 1 - Prob. P22PCh. 1 - Prob. P23PCh. 1 - Prob. P24PCh. 1 - Prob. P25PCh. 1 - Prob. P26PCh. 1 - Prob. P27PCh. 1 - Prob. P28PCh. 1 - Prob. P29PCh. 1 - Prob. P30PCh. 1 - Prob. P31PCh. 1 - Prob. P32PCh. 1 - Prob. P33PCh. 1 - Prob. P34P
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- Consider Figure 2.12, for which there is an institutional network connected to the Internet. Suppose that the average object size is 1,000,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request until it receives the response is three seconds on average (see Section 2.2.5). Model the total average response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from Internet router to institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use ∆/(1 - ∆b), where ∆ is the average time required to send an object over the access link and b is the arrival rate of objects to the access link. Find the total average response time. I get ∆=1000000/15000000= 1/15, then ∆/(1 - ∆b)= (1/15)/(1-(1/15)*16)=-1, so the finally answer is : 3+(-1)=2s or 3+0=3s?arrow_forwardConsider Figure 2.12, for which there is an institutional network connected to the Internet. Suppose that the average object size is 1,000,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request until it receives the response is three seconds on average (see Section 2.2.5). Model the total average response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from Internet router to institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use ∆/(1 - ∆b), where ∆ is the average time required to send an object over the access link and b is the arrival rate of objects to the access link. Find the total average response time. I get ∆=1000000/15000000= 1/15, then ∆/(1 - ∆b)= (1/15)/(1-(1/15)*16)=-1, so the finally answer is : 3+(-1)=2s or 3+0=3s?arrow_forward3. Calculating throughput. Given the adjacent diagram illustrating client server pairs with Rs, Rc, and R are the rates for the server links, client links and network link. Assume all other links have abundant capacity and there is no other traffic in the network besides the traffic generated by M client-server pairs. a. If Rs is 35 Mbps and Rc is 25 Mbps, R is 120 Mbps, and there are 5 concurrent users (i.e., M=5), what is the maximum throughput from client to server? Explain your answer. b. If Rs is 15 Mbps and Rc is 25 Mbps and R is 100 Mbps, what is the minimum value for M to make the bottleneck occur at R instead of either R, or Rc? Round M up to the nearest integer. Explain your answer. c. If Rs is 16 Mbps and Rc is 12 Mbps and R is 28 Mbps, what is the minimum value for M to make the bottleneck occur at R instead of either R, or Rc? Round M up to the nearest integer. Explain your answer. R₁ AHL R$ Rcarrow_forward
- Don't try to copy others. Send unique answer only.arrow_forwardProblem 2. Consider a packet of L bits that is sent over a path of Q links (i.e., a source and destination connected by a sequence of (Q-1) routers or switches). Each link transmits at R bps. This packet is the only traffic transmitted by the network (so there are no queuing delays) and the propagation delay and processing delay at routers are negligible. How long does it take to send this packet from source to destination if the network is: a) a packet-switched datagram network b) a circuit-switched network. Assume that bandwidth of R bps on each link is sliced into five individual circuits, so that cach circuit receives (R/5) bandwidth. Also assume that the circuit setup time is t,.. Give an expression for the number of links Q such that the packet delivery from the sender to the receiver will be faster over the packet-switched network, and the expression for the number of links Q such that the circuit-switched network will be faster.arrow_forwardComputer Networks Consider a packet of length L that begins at end system A and travels over three links to a destination end system. These three links are connected by two packet switches. Let d, s, and R denotes the length, propagation speed, and the transmission rate of link i, for i=1,2,3 . The packet switch delays each packet by d . Assuming no queuing delays, in terms of d, s , R, (i=1,2,3), and L, what is the total end-to-end delay for the packet? Suppose now the packet is 1,500 bytes, and the propagation speed on all three links are 3125km/sec, 10000 km/sec, and 3333km/sec respectively. The transmission rates of all three links are 2 Mbps, the packet switch processing delay is 3 msec, the length of the first link is 5,000 km, the length of the second link is 4,000 km, and the length of the last link is 1,000 km. For these values, what is the end-to-end delay? In the above problem, suppose R1=R2=R3=R and dproc=0. Further, suppose the packet switch does not store-and-forward…arrow_forward
- Consider the throughput example presented in the figure below. Now suppose that there are 4 client-server pairs. Denote Rs1, Rs2, Rs3,Rs4 ,Rc1 ,Rc2 ,Rc3, Rc4 and R for the rates of the server links, client links, and network link. Assume all other links have abundant capacity and that there is no other traffic in the network besides the traffic generated by the 4 client-server pairs. Question:derive a general expression for throughput for the Client Server pair 1, in terms of Rsi, ,Rciand R.arrow_forwarda. Suppose N packets arrive simultaneously to a link at which no packets are currently being transmitted or queued. Each packet is of length L and the link has transmission rate R. What is the average queuing delay for the N packets? b. Now suppose that N such packets arrive to the link every LN/R seconds. What is the average queuing delay of a packet?arrow_forwardConsider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in both directions. Suppose that packets containing data are 100,000 bits long, and packets containing only control (e.g., ACK or handshaking) are 200 bits long. Assume that N parallel connections each get 1/N of the link bandwidth. Now consider the HTTP protocol, and suppose that each downloaded object is 100 Kbits long, and that the initial downloaded object contains 10 referenced objects from the same sender. Would parallel downloads via parallel instances of non-persistent HTTP make sense in this case? Now consider persistent HTTP. Do you expect significant gains over the non-persistent case? Justify and explain your answerarrow_forward
- Consider a local network with a 1 Gbps access link to the Internet. Hosts on this network are accessing resources with an average size of 2 MB from a distant server at an average rate of 50 requests per second. a. What is the link utilization of the access link to the internet? b. Suppose these requests were to go through a caching proxy server. What would the link utilization to the internet be if half of all requests were served from the cache of the proxy server? с. resources never being needed for example.) Would this still provide any advantages to the end user? Would there be any disadvantages to the end user? Suppose the proxy server could not serve any content from cache (due to the samearrow_forwardConsider a network with a ring topology, link bandwidths of 100 Mbps, and propagation speed 2 × 108 m/s. What would the circumference of the loop be to exactly contain one 1500-byte packet, assuming nodes do not introduce delay? What would the circumference be if there was a node every 100 m, and each node introduced 10 bits of delay?arrow_forwardConsider the throughput example presented in the figure below. Now suppose that there are 4 client-server pairs. Denote RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4, RC1, RC2, RC3, RC4 and R for the rates of the server links, client links, and network link. Assume all other links have abundant capacity and that there is no other traffic in the network besides the traffic generated by the 4 client-server pairs. Question:Assume that for i = {1,2,3,4}, RSi = RCi = R. Furthermore, assume that all routers have infinite buffer capacity, meaning that packets are never dropped and are eventually forwarded by a router. What is the throughput for the Client Server pair 1? What is the throughput for Client Server pair 3?arrow_forward
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