Class Access Modifiers: The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly. There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows: Public Protected Private For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”. Sample code: /* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */ class Base { public: //public members protected: // protected members private: // private members };

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 8E

Program Plan Intro

Class Access Modifiers:

The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly.

There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows:

Public

Protected

Private

For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”.

Sample code:

/* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */

class Base

{

public:

//public members

protected:

// protected members

private:

// private members

};

Explanation of Solution

Private members:

From outside of a class, a member variable that is private could not be accessed, or viewed. Class could access members that are private and friend functions only.

By default, class members are private, for example in class given below “width” denotes a private member, which denotes that until a label is provided to a member, it would be assumed as a private member:

/* class lBox defines member functions “lsetWidth” and “lgetWidth”*/

class lBox

{

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

};

The data is defined in private members, and related functions are defined in public section, so that it could be called from outside of a class, as shown in below program.

This program shows the usage of “Private” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of class.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the member functions “lsetWidth()” and “lgetWidth()” to set and return the width for box.

//Create the class

class lBox

{

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

private:

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

};

Define the member function lgetWidth() to return width of box...

Explanation of Solution

Protected members:

A protected member function or variable denotes similarity to a private member. That is, from outside of a class, accessing a member variable or function that is protected is not possible.

An additional benefit is that they can be accessed within child classes which are known as derived classes.

In below example, “width” member could be accessed by the derived class “SmallBox” member function.

This program shows the usage of “Protected” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of a class, but it could be accessed within child classes which are termed as derived classes.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the variable “width” to set and return the width for box.

// class lBox defines “width” as a protected variable”

class lBox

{

protected:

// Variable declarations

double width;

};

Declare the class “SmallBox” that defines the member functions “lsetSmallWidth()” and “lgetSmallWidth()” to set and return the width for box...

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 8E

Program Plan Intro

Class Access Modifiers:

The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly.

There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows:

Public

Protected

Private

For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”.

Sample code:

/* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */

class Base

{

public:

//public members

protected:

// protected members

private:

// private members

};

Explanation of Solution

Private members:

From outside of a class, a member variable that is private could not be accessed, or viewed. Class could access members that are private and friend functions only.

By default, class members are private, for example in class given below “width” denotes a private member, which denotes that until a label is provided to a member, it would be assumed as a private member:

/* class lBox defines member functions “lsetWidth” and “lgetWidth”*/

class lBox

{

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

};

The data is defined in private members, and related functions are defined in public section, so that it could be called from outside of a class, as shown in below program.

This program shows the usage of “Private” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of class.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the member functions “lsetWidth()” and “lgetWidth()” to set and return the width for box.

//Create the class

class lBox

{

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

private:

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

};

Define the member function lgetWidth() to return width of box...

Explanation of Solution

Protected members:

A protected member function or variable denotes similarity to a private member. That is, from outside of a class, accessing a member variable or function that is protected is not possible.

An additional benefit is that they can be accessed within child classes which are known as derived classes.

In below example, “width” member could be accessed by the derived class “SmallBox” member function.

This program shows the usage of “Protected” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of a class, but it could be accessed within child classes which are termed as derived classes.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the variable “width” to set and return the width for box.

// class lBox defines “width” as a protected variable”

class lBox

{

protected:

// Variable declarations

double width;

};

Declare the class “SmallBox” that defines the member functions “lsetSmallWidth()” and “lgetSmallWidth()” to set and return the width for box...

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 8E

Program Plan Intro

Class Access Modifiers:

The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly.

There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows:

Public

Protected

Private

For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”.

Sample code:

/* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */

class Base

{

public:

//public members

protected:

// protected members

private:

// private members

};

Explanation of Solution

Private members:

From outside of a class, a member variable that is private could not be accessed, or viewed. Class could access members that are private and friend functions only.

By default, class members are private, for example in class given below “width” denotes a private member, which denotes that until a label is provided to a member, it would be assumed as a private member:

/* class lBox defines member functions “lsetWidth” and “lgetWidth”*/

class lBox

{

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

};

The data is defined in private members, and related functions are defined in public section, so that it could be called from outside of a class, as shown in below program.

This program shows the usage of “Private” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of class.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the member functions “lsetWidth()” and “lgetWidth()” to set and return the width for box.

//Create the class

class lBox

{

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

private:

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

};

Define the member function lgetWidth() to return width of box...

Explanation of Solution

Protected members:

A protected member function or variable denotes similarity to a private member. That is, from outside of a class, accessing a member variable or function that is protected is not possible.

An additional benefit is that they can be accessed within child classes which are known as derived classes.

In below example, “width” member could be accessed by the derived class “SmallBox” member function.

This program shows the usage of “Protected” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of a class, but it could be accessed within child classes which are termed as derived classes.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the variable “width” to set and return the width for box.

// class lBox defines “width” as a protected variable”

class lBox

{

protected:

// Variable declarations

double width;

};

Declare the class “SmallBox” that defines the member functions “lsetSmallWidth()” and “lgetSmallWidth()” to set and return the width for box...

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 8E

Program Plan Intro

Class Access Modifiers:

The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly.

There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows:

Public

Protected

Private

For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”.

Sample code:

/* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */

class Base

{

public:

//public members

protected:

// protected members

private:

// private members

};

Explanation of Solution

Private members:

From outside of a class, a member variable that is private could not be accessed, or viewed. Class could access members that are private and friend functions only.

By default, class members are private, for example in class given below “width” denotes a private member, which denotes that until a label is provided to a member, it would be assumed as a private member:

/* class lBox defines member functions “lsetWidth” and “lgetWidth”*/

class lBox

{

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

};

The data is defined in private members, and related functions are defined in public section, so that it could be called from outside of a class, as shown in below program.

This program shows the usage of “Private” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of class.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the member functions “lsetWidth()” and “lgetWidth()” to set and return the width for box.

//Create the class

class lBox

{

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

private:

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

};

Define the member function lgetWidth() to return width of box...

Explanation of Solution

Protected members:

A protected member function or variable denotes similarity to a private member. That is, from outside of a class, accessing a member variable or function that is protected is not possible.

An additional benefit is that they can be accessed within child classes which are known as derived classes.

In below example, “width” member could be accessed by the derived class “SmallBox” member function.

This program shows the usage of “Protected” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of a class, but it could be accessed within child classes which are termed as derived classes.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the variable “width” to set and return the width for box.

// class lBox defines “width” as a protected variable”

class lBox

{

protected:

// Variable declarations

double width;

};

Declare the class “SmallBox” that defines the member functions “lsetSmallWidth()” and “lgetSmallWidth()” to set and return the width for box...

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 8E

Program Plan Intro

Class Access Modifiers:

The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly.

There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows:

Public

Protected

Private

For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”.

Sample code:

/* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */

class Base

{

public:

//public members

protected:

// protected members

private:

// private members

};

Explanation of Solution

Private members:

From outside of a class, a member variable that is private could not be accessed, or viewed. Class could access members that are private and friend functions only.

By default, class members are private, for example in class given below “width” denotes a private member, which denotes that until a label is provided to a member, it would be assumed as a private member:

/* class lBox defines member functions “lsetWidth” and “lgetWidth”*/

class lBox

{

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

};

The data is defined in private members, and related functions are defined in public section, so that it could be called from outside of a class, as shown in below program.

This program shows the usage of “Private” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of class.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the member functions “lsetWidth()” and “lgetWidth()” to set and return the width for box.

//Create the class

class lBox

{

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

private:

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

};

Define the member function lgetWidth() to return width of box...

Explanation of Solution

Protected members:

A protected member function or variable denotes similarity to a private member. That is, from outside of a class, accessing a member variable or function that is protected is not possible.

An additional benefit is that they can be accessed within child classes which are known as derived classes.

In below example, “width” member could be accessed by the derived class “SmallBox” member function.

This program shows the usage of “Protected” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of a class, but it could be accessed within child classes which are termed as derived classes.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the variable “width” to set and return the width for box.

// class lBox defines “width” as a protected variable”

class lBox

{

protected:

// Variable declarations

double width;

};

Declare the class “SmallBox” that defines the member functions “lsetSmallWidth()” and “lgetSmallWidth()” to set and return the width for box...

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 8E

Program Plan Intro

Class Access Modifiers:

The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly.

There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows:

Public

Protected

Private

For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”.

Sample code:

/* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */

class Base

{

public:

//public members

protected:

// protected members

private:

// private members

};

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 8E

Program Plan Intro

Class Access Modifiers:

The feature of object oriented programming that allows prevention of program functions to access a class type’s internal representation directly.

There are three access specifiers used in the class to restrict the access of members inside the class. They are as follows:

Public

Protected

Private

For classes and members, the default access specifier is “private”.

Sample code:

/* class Base defines the member functions and variables with appropriate access modifiers */

class Base

{

public:

//public members

protected:

// protected members

private:

// private members

};

Answer 8

Explanation of Solution

Private members:

From outside of a class, a member variable that is private could not be accessed, or viewed. Class could access members that are private and friend functions only.

By default, class members are private, for example in class given below “width” denotes a private member, which denotes that until a label is provided to a member, it would be assumed as a private member:

/* class lBox defines member functions “lsetWidth” and “lgetWidth”*/

class lBox

{

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

};

The data is defined in private members, and related functions are defined in public section, so that it could be called from outside of a class, as shown in below program.

This program shows the usage of “Private” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of class.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the member functions “lsetWidth()” and “lgetWidth()” to set and return the width for box.

//Create the class

class lBox

{

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

private:

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

};

Define the member function lgetWidth() to return width of box...

Answer 9

Explanation of Solution

Private members:

From outside of a class, a member variable that is private could not be accessed, or viewed. Class could access members that are private and friend functions only.

By default, class members are private, for example in class given below “width” denotes a private member, which denotes that until a label is provided to a member, it would be assumed as a private member:

/* class lBox defines member functions “lsetWidth” and “lgetWidth”*/

class lBox

{

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

};

The data is defined in private members, and related functions are defined in public section, so that it could be called from outside of a class, as shown in below program.

This program shows the usage of “Private” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of class.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the member functions “lsetWidth()” and “lgetWidth()” to set and return the width for box.

//Create the class

class lBox

{

public:

// Variable declarations

double length;

// Member function declarations

void lsetWidth( double lwid );

double lgetWidth( void );

private:

// Variable declarations

double lwidth;

};

Define the member function lgetWidth() to return width of box...

Answer 10

Explanation of Solution

Protected members:

A protected member function or variable denotes similarity to a private member. That is, from outside of a class, accessing a member variable or function that is protected is not possible.

An additional benefit is that they can be accessed within child classes which are known as derived classes.

In below example, “width” member could be accessed by the derived class “SmallBox” member function.

This program shows the usage of “Protected” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of a class, but it could be accessed within child classes which are termed as derived classes.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the variable “width” to set and return the width for box.

// class lBox defines “width” as a protected variable”

class lBox

{

protected:

// Variable declarations

double width;

};

Declare the class “SmallBox” that defines the member functions “lsetSmallWidth()” and “lgetSmallWidth()” to set and return the width for box...

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Protected members:

A protected member function or variable denotes similarity to a private member. That is, from outside of a class, accessing a member variable or function that is protected is not possible.

An additional benefit is that they can be accessed within child classes which are known as derived classes.

In below example, “width” member could be accessed by the derived class “SmallBox” member function.

This program shows the usage of “Protected” access modifier, in which member variables could not be accessed from outside of a class, but it could be accessed within child classes which are termed as derived classes.

// Select header files

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Declare the class lBox that defines the variable “width” to set and return the width for box.

// class lBox defines “width” as a protected variable”

class lBox

{

protected:

// Variable declarations

double width;

};

Declare the class “SmallBox” that defines the member functions “lsetSmallWidth()” and “lgetSmallWidth()” to set and return the width for box...

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 15

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1E Ch. 1 - Prob. 2E Ch. 1 - Prob. 3E Ch. 1 - Prob. 4E Ch. 1 - Prob. 5E Ch. 1 - Prob. 6E Ch. 1 - Prob. 7E Ch. 1 - Prob. 8E Ch. 1 - Prob. 9E Ch. 1 - Prob. 10E

Solution Summary: The author explains that the class "Area_circle" is defined by the variable "r" as a public access specifier. The function "area" returns the area of the circle.

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