Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321971944
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 85E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The space occupied by nucleus of hydrogen atom is to be calculated by the given value of radius of a proton that forms a nucleus and the radius of hydrogen atom.
Concept introduction: The volume of a sphere is calculated by the formula,
The conversion of one picometer into centimeter is done as,
To determine: The space occupied by the nucleus of hydrogen atom.
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-AG|F=2E|V
3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook
where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized.
Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14:
Acidic solution
-0.93
+0.38
-0.51 -0.06
H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3
-0.28
-0.50
→
-0.50
Basic solution
3-1.12
-1.57
-2.05 -0.89
PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3
-1.73
a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the
formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both
processes; comment.
(3 points)
0.5 PH,
0.0
-0.5-
2 3 9 3
-1.5
-2.0
Pa
H,PO
H,PO
H,PO
-3
-1 0
2
4
Oxidation state, N
2
b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic
conditions is shown. Identify possible
disproportionation and comproportionation processes;
write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points)
c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…
These two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?
What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis?
1. PPh3
3
1
2
2. n-BuLi
• Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like.
• Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is.
• Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine.
Explanation
Check
Click and drag to start drawing a structure.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 1 - For Practice 1.1 Is each change physical or...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3MPCh. 1 - Record the temperature on the thermometer shown...Ch. 1 - For Practice 1.5 How many significant figures are...Ch. 1 - Perform the calculations to the correct number of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7PCh. 1 - Convert 9255 cm3 to gallons.
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9MPCh. 1 - Backpackers often use canisters of white gas to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10MPCh. 1 - For Practice 1.11
Find the radius (r)of an...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 1 - Q2. This image represent a particulate view of a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 1 - Which property of rubbing alcohol is a chemical...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 1 - Q7. Determine the mass of a 1.75 L sample of a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 1 - Q9. Perform the calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 1 - 1. Classify each statement as an observation, a...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law...Ch. 1 - A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon...Ch. 1 - 4. When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they...Ch. 1 - 5. Classify each substance as a pure substance or...Ch. 1 - 6. Classify each substance as a pure substance or...Ch. 1 - 7. Complete the table.
Substance Pure or...Ch. 1 - 8. Complete the table.
Substance Pure or...Ch. 1 - 9. Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - 10. Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - 11. Several properties of isopropyl alcohol (also...Ch. 1 - 12. Several properties of ozone (a pollutant in...Ch. 1 - 13. Classify each property as physical or chemical...Ch. 1 - 14. Classify each property as physical or...Ch. 1 - 15. Classify each change as physical or...Ch. 1 - 16. Classify each change as physical or chemical....Ch. 1 - 17. Based on the molecular digram, classify each...Ch. 1 - Based on the molecular diagram, classify each...Ch. 1 - 19. Convert each temperature.
a. 32 °F to °C...Ch. 1 - 20. Convert each temperature.
a. 212 °F to °C...Ch. 1 - 21. The coldest temperature ever measured m the...Ch. 1 - 22. The warmest temperature ever measured in the...Ch. 1 - 23. Use the prefix multipliers to express each...Ch. 1 - 24. Use scientific notation to express each...Ch. 1 - Complete the table: a. 1245kg 1.245106 g 1.245109...Ch. 1 - 26. Express the quantity 254,998 m in each unit....Ch. 1 - 27. How many 1 cm squares would it take to...Ch. 1 - 28. How many 1 cm cubes would it take to construct...Ch. 1 - 29. A new penny has a mass of 2.49 g and a volume...Ch. 1 - 30. A titanium bicycle frame displaces 0.314 L of...Ch. 1 - 31. Glycerol is a syrupy liquid often used in...Ch. 1 - 32. A supposedly gold nugget is tested to...Ch. 1 - 33. Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) has a density of...Ch. 1 - 34. Acetone (nail polish remover) Pies a density...Ch. 1 - 35. Read each measurment to the correct number of...Ch. 1 - Read each measurement to the correct number of...Ch. 1 - 37. For each measurement, underline the zeroes...Ch. 1 - 38. For each measurement underline the zeroes that...Ch. 1 - 39. How many significant figures are in each...Ch. 1 - 40. How many significant figures are in each...Ch. 1 - 41. Which quantities are exact numbers and...Ch. 1 - 42. Indicate the number of significant figures in...Ch. 1 - 43. Round each number to four significant...Ch. 1 - 44. Round each number to three significant...Ch. 1 - 45. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - 46. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - 47. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - Prob. 48ECh. 1 - 49. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - Prob. 50ECh. 1 - 51. A flask containing 117 mL of a liquid weighs...Ch. 1 - 51. A flask containing 11.7 mL of a liquid weighs...Ch. 1 - 53. Perform each unit conversion.
a. 27.8 L to cm3...Ch. 1 - 54. Perform each unit conversion.
a. 28.9 nm to ?m...Ch. 1 - 55. Perform each unit conversion between the...Ch. 1 - 56. Perform each unit conversion between the...Ch. 1 - 57. A runner wants to run 10.0 km at a pace of 7.5...Ch. 1 - 58. A cyclist rides at an average speed of 24...Ch. 1 -
59. A European automobile has a gas mileage of...Ch. 1 -
60. A gas can holds 5.0 gallons of gasoline....Ch. 1 - 61. A modest-sized house has an area of 195m2....Ch. 1 - 62. A bedroom has a volume of 115 m3. What is its...Ch. 1 - Prob. 63ECh. 1 - Total U.S. farmland occupies 954 million acres....Ch. 1 - Prob. 65ECh. 1 - Prob. 66ECh. 1 - Prob. 67ECh. 1 - Prob. 68ECh. 1 - 69. Classify each property as intensive or...Ch. 1 - 70. At what temperatures are the readings on the...Ch. 1 - 71. Suppose you have designed a new thermometer...Ch. 1 - On a new Jekyll temperature scale water freezes at...Ch. 1 - 73. Do each calculation without using your...Ch. 1 - 74. The value of the euro was recently $l.38 U.S....Ch. 1 - Prob. 75ECh. 1 - 76. The proton has a radius of approximately cm...Ch. 1 - Prob. 77ECh. 1 - Prob. 78ECh. 1 - Prob. 79ECh. 1 - Prob. 80ECh. 1 - Prob. 81ECh. 1 - Prob. 82ECh. 1 - The Toyota Prius, a hybrid electric vehicle, has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 84ECh. 1 - Prob. 85ECh. 1 - Prob. 86ECh. 1 - A length of #8 copper wire (radius = 1.63 mm) has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 88ECh. 1 - Prob. 89ECh. 1 - Prob. 90ECh. 1 - Prob. 91ECh. 1 - Prob. 92ECh. 1 - Nanotechnology, the field of building ultra-small...Ch. 1 - Prob. 94ECh. 1 - A box contains a mixture of small copper spheres...Ch. 1 - Prob. 96ECh. 1 - Prob. 97ECh. 1 - Prob. 98ECh. 1 - A cube has an edge length of 7 cm. If it is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 100ECh. 1 - For each box, examine the blocks attached to the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 102E
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- Draw the anti-Markovnikov product of the hydration of this alkene. this problem. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for esc esc ☐ Explanation Check F1 1 2 F2 # 3 F3 + $ 14 × 1. BH THE BH3 2. H O NaOH '2 2' Click and drag to start drawing a structure. F4 Q W E R A S D % 905 LL F5 F6 F7 © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility < & 6 7 27 8 T Y U G H I F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 9 0 J K L P + // command option Z X C V B N M H H rol option commandarrow_forwardAG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, Narrow_forward4. For the following complexes, draw the structures and give a d-electron count of the metal: a) Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III) b) Hexabromoplatinate(2-) c) Potassium diamminetetrabromocobaltate(III) (6 points)arrow_forward
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- What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1 1. PPh3 2. n-BuLi 3 2 • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? N N H3O+ +R + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. fmarrow_forwardThe product on the right-hand side of this reaction can be prepared from two organic reactants, under the conditions shown above and below the arrow. Draw 1 and 2 below, in any arrangement you like. 1+2 NaBH3CN H+ N Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 5arrow_forward
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