Chapter 1, Problem 50PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry of the central atoms in $N{H}_3$ has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of $\sigma$ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

$s{p}^3$ hybridized =    tetrahedral

    trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

    bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

$s{p}^2$ hybridized =    trigonal planar

$sp$ hybridized =    linear

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry of the central atoms in $B{H}_3$ has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of $\sigma$ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

$s{p}^3$ hybridized =    tetrahedral

    trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

    bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

$s{p}^2$ hybridized =    trigonal planar

$sp$ hybridized =    linear

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry of the central atoms in $C{H}_3^{+}$ has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of $\sigma$ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

$s{p}^3$ hybridized =    tetrahedral

    trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

    bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

$s{p}^2$ hybridized =    trigonal planar

$sp$ hybridized =    linear

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry of the central atoms in $C{H}_3^{-}$ has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of $\sigma$ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

$s{p}^3$ hybridized =    tetrahedral

    trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

    bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

$s{p}^2$ hybridized =    trigonal planar

$sp$ hybridized =    linear