Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134554075
Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, James C. Hill
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 4E
Consider the two spheres shown here, one made of silver and the other of aluminum.
- What is the mass of each sphere in kg?
- The force of gravity acting on an object is F = mg, where m is the mass of an object and g is the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m/s2). How much work do you do on each sphere it you raise it from the floor to a height of 2.2 m?
- Does the act of lifting the sphere off the ground increase the potential energy of the aluminum sphere by a larger, smaller, or same amount as the silver sphere?
- If you release the spheres simultaneously, they will have the same velocity when they hit the ground. Will they have the same kinetic energy? If not, which sphere will have more kinetic energy? [Section 1.4 Q]
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Students have asked these similar questions
Consider the two spheres shown here, one made of
silver and the other of aluminum. The spheres are
dropped from a height of 1.7 m.
Composition - aluminum
Density= 2.70 g/cm³
Volume 196 cm³
Composition - silver
Density 10.49 g/cm³
Volume=196 cm³
What is the kinetic energy of the silver sphere at the moment it hits the ground? (Assume that energy is
conserved during the fall and that 100%% of the sphere's initial potential energy is converted to kinetic
energy the time impact occurs.)
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Ek =
Value
Units
Expressing amounts of energy in different energy units is necessary to solve many chemistry problems. For practice, complete the following
table.
The Joule (J) is the SI unit of energy.
1 calorie (cal) 4.184)
1 kWh = 3.600 x 105
3
245
kWh
200
kcal
338
Expressing amounts of energy in different energy units is necessary to solve many chemistry problems. For practice, complete the following table.
The Joule (J) is the SI unit of energy.
The calorie (cal) is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C, 1 cal = 4.184)
The British Thermal Unit (BTU) is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1°F. 1 BTU - 1055J
BTU
7.67
kJ
0.463
kcal
0.181
Chapter 1 Solutions
Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science
Ch. 1.2 - Practice Exercise 1 Which of the following is the...Ch. 1.2 - Aspirin is composed of 60.0% carbon, 4.5%...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 1 Which of the following weights...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 2 How many picometers are there...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 1 Using Wolfram Alpha...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 2 Ethylene glycol, the major...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 1 Platinum, Pt. is one of the...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 2 Calculate the density of a...Ch. 1.5 - Which of the following objects has the greatest...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 1.5.2PE
Ch. 1.6 - Which of the following numbers in your personal...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 The back inside cover of the...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 An object is determined to...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 How many significant figures...Ch. 1.6 - Ellen recently purchased a new hybrid car and...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 It takes 10.5 s for a sprinter...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 You are asked to determine the...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 At a particular instant in...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 2 By using a conversion factor...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 1 Fabiola, who lives in Mexico...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 2 A car travels 28 mi per gallon...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 2 A car travels 28 mi per gallon...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 2 The surface area of Earth is...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 1 Composite decking is a...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 2 The density of the organic...Ch. 1.7 - Practice Exercise 2 If the mass of the container...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1ECh. 1 - Prob. 2ECh. 1 - Musical instruments like trumpets and trombones...Ch. 1 - Consider the two spheres shown here, one made of...Ch. 1 - Is the separation method used in brewing a cup of...Ch. 1 - Identify each of the following as measurements of...Ch. 1 - Three spheres of equal size are composed of...Ch. 1 - The three targets from a rifle range shown below...Ch. 1 - What is the length of the pencil in the following...Ch. 1 - How many significant figures should be reported...Ch. 1 - Consider the jar of jelly beans in the photo. To...Ch. 1 - The photo below shows a picture of an agate stone....Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as a pure substance...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as a pure substance...Ch. 1 - 1.15 Give the chemical symbol or name for the...Ch. 1 - 1.16 Give the chemical symbol or name for each of...Ch. 1 - A solid white substance A is heated strongly in...Ch. 1 - 1.18 You are hiking in the mountains and find a...Ch. 1 - 1.19 In the process of attempting to characterize...Ch. 1 - 1.20
Read the following description of the element...Ch. 1 - Prob. 21ECh. 1 - A match is lit and held under a cold piece of...Ch. 1 - Which separation method is better suited for...Ch. 1 - Two beakers contain clear, colorless liquids. When...Ch. 1 - Prob. 25ECh. 1 - Prob. 26ECh. 1 - Prob. 27ECh. 1 - Prob. 28ECh. 1 - Prob. 29ECh. 1 - Prob. 30ECh. 1 - 121 What exponential notation do the following...Ch. 1 -
1.32 Use appropriate metric prefixes to write the...Ch. 1 - Make the following conversions. 72 °F to °C, 216.7...Ch. 1 - a. The temperature on a warm summer day is 87 °F....Ch. 1 - Prob. 35ECh. 1 - A cube of osmium metal 1.500 cm on a side has a...Ch. 1 - To identify a liquid substance, a student...Ch. 1 - a. After the label fell off a bottle containing a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 39ECh. 1 -
1.40 Silicon for computer chips is grown in large...Ch. 1 - Prob. 41ECh. 1 - 1.42 A watt is a measure of power (the rate of...Ch. 1 - Indicate which of the following are exact numbers;...Ch. 1 - Indicate which of the following are exact numbers:...Ch. 1 - 1.45 What is the number of significant figures in...Ch. 1 - Indicate the number of significant figures in each...Ch. 1 - 1.47 Round each of the following numbers to four...Ch. 1 - 1.48
The diameter of Earth at the equator is 7926...Ch. 1 - Carry out the following operations and express the...Ch. 1 - Carry out the following operations and express the...Ch. 1 - You weigh an object on a balance and read the mass...Ch. 1 - You have a graduated cylinder that contains a...Ch. 1 - 153 Using your knowledge of metric units, English...Ch. 1 - 1.54 Using your knowledge of metric units, English...Ch. 1 - A bumblebee flies with a ground speed of 15.2 m/s....Ch. 1 - 1 56
a The speed of light in a vacuum is 2.998 x...Ch. 1 - Perform the following conversions: 5.00 days to s,...Ch. 1 - Carry out the following conversions: 0.105 in. to...Ch. 1 - How many liters of wine can be held in a wine...Ch. 1 - If an electric car is capable of going 225 km on a...Ch. 1 - The density of air at ordinary atmospheric...Ch. 1 - 1.62 The concentration of carbon monoxide in an...Ch. 1 - Prob. 63ECh. 1 - 1.64 A copper refinery produces a copper ingot...Ch. 1 - 165 Classify ea. al the folbwing as a pure...Ch. 1 - 1.66
Which is more likely to eventually be shown...Ch. 1 -
1.67 A sample of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 68AECh. 1 - SO Two students deterrmne the percen.ge of lead in...Ch. 1 - 1.70
Is Om use of significant figures in ea. of...Ch. 1 - What type of quantity (for example, length,...Ch. 1 - 1.72 Give the derived SI units for each of the...Ch. 1 - 1.73 The distance from Earth to the Moon is...Ch. 1 - 1.74 Which of the following would you characterize...Ch. 1 -
1.75 The U.S. quarter has a mass of 5.67 g and is...Ch. 1 -
1.76 In the United States, water used for...Ch. 1 -
1.77 By using estimation techniques, determine...Ch. 1 - Suppose you decide to define your own temperature...Ch. 1 -
1.79 The liquid substances mercury (density =...Ch. 1 -
1.80 Two spheres of equal volume are placed on...Ch. 1 - Water has a density of 0.997 g/cm3 at 25C ; ice...Ch. 1 - A 32.65-g sample of a solid is placed in a flask....Ch. 1 - A thief plans to steal a gold sphere with a radius...Ch. 1 - Automobile batteries contain sulfuric acid, which...Ch. 1 - A 40-lb container of peat moss measures 14 x 20 x...Ch. 1 - A package of aluminum foil contains 50 ft2of foil,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 87AECh. 1 -
1.88 In 2005, J. Robin Warren and Barry J....Ch. 1 -
1 89 A 25 0-cm.long cylindrical glass tube,...Ch. 1 -
1.90 Gold is alloyed (mixed) with other metals to...Ch. 1 -
1.91 Paper chromatography is a simple but...Ch. 1 -
1.92 Judge the following statements as true or...Ch. 1 -
1.93 You are assigned the task of separating a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 94AE
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