
Concept explainers
Write a Lewis formula for each of the following organic molecules:
(vinyl chloride: starting material for the preparation of PVC plastics)
(halothane: a nonflammable inhalation anesthetic; all three fluorines are
bonded to the same carbon)
(Freon 114: formerly used as a refrigerant and as an aerosol propellant; each
carbon bears one chlorine)

Interpretation:
The Lewis formula for each of the given organic molecules is to be written.
Concept introduction:
When writing the Lewis formula for a molecule, the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is first determined based on its molecular formula.
The bonded atoms are connected by a shared pair of electrons which is shown by a dash.
The number of electrons in the bonds is subtracted from the total number of valence electrons. This gives the number of electrons that remain to be added in the formula.
These remaining electrons are added as unshared electron pairs in such a way that the most electronegative atoms have eight electrons around them.
Second-row elements cannot have more than eight valence electrons.
Answer to Problem 41P
Solution:
Explanation of Solution
a)
The total number of valence electrons in
The basic framework of the given molecule can be drawn as follows.
The above figure shows the presence of
Three pairs of unshared electrons are assigned to the chlorine atom and one pair of unshared electrons is assigned on one of the carbon atoms as follows.
The octet of each atom in the molecule, except one carbon atom, is complete. Hence, to complete the octet of this one carbon atom, the unshared pair of electrons on the other carbon atom shifts towards the bond between the two carbon atoms resulting in the formation of a double bond.
Now the octet of each atom is complete. In this way, the Lewis structure of vinyl chloride was written.
b)
bonded to the same carbon)
The basic framework can therefore, be drawn as follows.
It is evident from the figure drawn for the given molecule that there are a total of
Of these
In all,
In this way, the Lewis structure of
c)
carbon bears one chlorine)
The basic framework of the molecule can be drawn as follows.
The above figure shows that there are
Three pairs of unshared electrons are assigned on each halogen atom in order to complete their octets.
In all,
In this way, the Lewis structure of
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