Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 3SQ
Plants use the process of photosynthesis to convert the energy in sunlight to chemical energy in the form of sugar. While doing so, they consume carbon dioxide and water and release oxygen. Explain how this process functions in both the cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
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Matter is constantly cycled between living and non living parts of the environment. Processes like photosynthesis and respiration allow the carbon cycle to regenerate needed substances by recycling earth’s atoms. A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown. Each arrow represents a process in the cycle. Which explanation best describes the process in the cycle. Which explanation best describes the process that occurs at the arrow marked B?
A) plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process of photosynthesis to produce glucose
B) plants release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in the process of photosynthesis to produce glucose
C) plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process of cellular respiration to convert glucose to atp energy
D) plants release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in the process of cellular respiration to convert glucose to atp energy
When discussing why the rate of photosynthesis did not increase at higher light intensities, the investigator mentioned the possibility that high light intensities could damage chlorophyll, which would result in a decrease in oxygen production. Which of the following accurately explains the role of chlorophyll in oxygen production during photosynthesis and why damage to chlorophyll would results in lower oxygen production?
Select one or more:
a. Chlorophyll participates in carbon fixation during the Calvin Cycle. During this process, oxygen molecules are formed.
b. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight and releases high energy electrons that enter the electron transport chain in the Calvin Cycle. During this process, oxygen molecules are formed.
c. Chlorophyll participates in carbon fixation during the light reactions. During this process, oxygen molecules are formed.
d. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight and releases high energy electrons that enter the electron…
During a La nifia event, the temperature of the Pacific Ocean near Central America becomes cooler than normal. As a result, more clouds form, and this can block sunlight from reaching plants in Central America forests. A researcher studying the effects of La nifia measured the amount of carbon dioxide ( CO,) uptake by tropical plants under different light intensities.The data are shown in the graph.
Predict how a la nifia event effects the rate of photosynthesis by plants in the tropical forests of Central America. Provide evidence from the graph to support your prediction. Enter your answer in the box provided.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
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- Most plants store excess energy from photosynthesis. Name some times when recovery of stored energy may occur. Does energy recovery always occur in the same sites where photosynthetic capture occurred?arrow_forwardAs the sun shines on Earth, plants use its energy to complete the process of photosynthesis. Energy is transformed during the process into chemical energy in the form of sugars, such as carbohydrates. However, the energy available at top consumers is much less than that produced by autotrophs. Why is this so?arrow_forwardExplain why transpiration is best explained as a consequence of acquiring CO2 from the atmosphere, as opposed to temperature regulation, nutrient transport, or the use of water as a substrate in photosynthesis.arrow_forward
- Identify each statement below as True or False. * Another name for phase I of photosynthesis is electron transport. Phase I of photosynthesis stores energy in NADPH molecules. Photosynthesis takes place inside the mitochondria. Energy is stored in water molecules during phase I of photosynthesis. Phase I of photosynthesis is also known a the light- dependent reactions. Photosynthesis phase I stores energy that is used to power phase II. Phase I of photosynthesis stores energy in ATP molecules. Phase I of photosynthesis can only take place when light is available. Light is not required for phase I of photosynthesis. The process of photosynthesis takes in the chloroplasts of a cell. place True ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο False O оarrow_forwardDraw a diagram of the dark phase of photosynthesis. You must represent this phase in the form of a cycle indicating the parts of carboxylation, reduction, generation of hexoses and regeneration. Ribulose, CO2, rubisco, phosphoglycerate (PGA), bisphosphoglycerate, phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL), ATP, ADP, NADPH, NADP, kinase, fructose, and glucose should appear.arrow_forwardCarbon, in the form of CO2, must be taken from the atmosphere and attached to an existingorganic molecule in the Calvin cycle. Therefore, the carbon is bound to the molecule. Theproducts of the cycle only occur because of the added carbon. What are the products of theCalvin cycle and what is regenerated? Based on your understanding of the process ofphotosynthesis, predict what will happen to a plant leaf that loses CO2 too quickly.arrow_forward
- Imagine you are a botanist and you recently discovered a new species of plant in the unexplored regions of the Amazon Rainforest. This plant thrives in the diverse ecosystem of the Amazon and, surprisingly, can survive with limited sunlight. This unique attribute of the plant could have potential impacts on both the field of ecology and various industries. Your primary research focus is now to investigate the efficiency of photosynthesis in this plant, specifically analyzing the structure of the chloroplasts and the distribution of pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) utilizing microscopy techniques. Both traditional fluorescence microscopy (FM) and CSM are capable of identifying the distribution of pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). How does the process of stimulating fluorescence and detection vary between these two microscopy techniques? Given these differences, which method would be more likely to yield superior results for your research? Please provide your reasons, taking…arrow_forwardChloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoids. Chlorophyll directly absorbs light for use in photosynthesis. Carotenoids absorb light and transfer the energy from light to chlorophyll. The efficiency of photosynthesis varies with the wavelengths of the light that illuminates the chloroplasts. In an experiment to study the relationship between the incoming light wavelengths and the chemical reactions of photosynthesis using a species of green algae, a researcher labeled the CO2 supply to the algae with 14C, and the H2O with 18O. Which of the following results is expected? More 14C is found in the algae when it is illuminated by green light than when it is illuminated by blue-violet and red light. More 18O is found in the algae when it is illuminated by green light than when it is illuminated by blue-violet and red light. More 14C is found in the algae when it is illuminated by blue-violet and red light than when it is illuminated by green light. More 18O is found in the algae when…arrow_forwardWhat are three ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere?arrow_forward
- Rice is the number one food crop, feeding over 50% of the world's population. Some scientists estimate that at the current rate of population growth, rice farmers will need to produce 50% more rice per hectare by 2050. Researchers are working to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of rice to meet the concern over food shortage. Using your knowledge of photosynthesis, suggest features of the plant and photosynthetic process that could be modified.arrow_forwardA botanist brings you a plant that she has collected during her travels and asks you to determine the photosynthetic pathway the plant uses. You grow the plant in a special chamber on a 14:10-hour light/dark cycle and track the fate of radiolabeled CO2 in the plant over 24 hours. You begin monitoring the plant's photosynthetic activity at the beginning of the light portion of the cycle. You find that during the day, the plant's stomata remain closed, and an enzyme with a low affinity for CO2 slowly catalyzes the joining of CO2 and a five-carbon molecule in the plant's mesophyll cells. Once the chamber switches to the night cycle, the plant stomata open, and an enzyme with a high affinity for CO2 slowly catalyzes the joining of CO2 to a three-carbon molecule to produce a four-carbon molecule in the mesophyll cells. What photosynthetic pathway(s) does this plant use? Group of answer choices C4 Photorespiration CAM C3arrow_forwardCells are open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surroundings. Which of the following best explains why plant cells require sunlight to make organic compounds, according to Gibbs’s theory of free energy? The photosynthetic reaction releases free energy to the surroundings. The photosynthetic reaction’s free energy is in equilibrium. The reactants of photosynthesis have less free energy than the products. The change in free energy (∆G) of the photosynthetic system is less than zero.arrow_forward
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Photosynthesis & Respiration | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyweZg6Sw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY