The possibility of generation of novel life forms from a flask with boiled yeast broth, amino acids and essential inorganic salts , under two conditions: Flask with all the contents exposed to air and not exposed to air. Introduction: Aristotle formulated the doctrine for the Theory of Spontaneous regeneration which suggested that living forms arise from nonliving matter. This theory was challenged by several scientists including Francesco Redi, Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall. Louis Pasteur gave a major breakthrough with an experiment which nullified the theory with his famous swan neck flask. Microorganisms and their spores can be airborne, water borne and soil borne.

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Ch.23 How is Salmonella able to cross from the intestines into the blood? A. it is so small that it can squeeze between intestinal cells B. it secretes a toxin that induces its uptake into intestinal epithelial cells C. it secretes enzymes that create perforations in the intestine D. it can get into the blood only if the bacteria are deposited directly there, that is, through a puncture — Which virus is associated with liver cancer? A. hepatitis A B. hepatitis B C. hepatitis C D. both hepatitis B and C — explain your answer thoroughly

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Question

Chapter 1, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The possibility of generation of novel life forms from a flask with boiled yeast broth, amino acids and essential inorganic salts , under two conditions: Flask with all the contents exposed to air and not exposed to air.

Introduction:

Aristotle formulated the doctrine for the Theory of Spontaneous regeneration which suggested that living forms arise from nonliving matter. This theory was challenged by several scientists including Francesco Redi, Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall. Louis Pasteur gave a major breakthrough with an experiment which nullified the theory with his famous swan neck flask. Microorganisms and their spores can be airborne, water borne and soil borne.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Redesigning the experiment to eliminate the possibility of contamination.

Introduction:

Aristotle formulated the doctrine for the Theory of Spontaneous regeneration which suggested that living forms arise from nonliving matter. This theory was challenged by several scientists including Francesco Redi, Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall. Louis Pasteur gave a major breakthrough with an experiment which nullified the theory with his famous swan neck flask. Microorganisms and their spores can be airborne, water borne and soil borne.

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Ch.23 How is Salmonella able to cross from the intestines into the blood? A. it is so small that it can squeeze between intestinal cells B. it secretes a toxin that induces its uptake into intestinal epithelial cells C. it secretes enzymes that create perforations in the intestine D. it can get into the blood only if the bacteria are deposited directly there, that is, through a puncture — Which virus is associated with liver cancer? A. hepatitis A B. hepatitis B C. hepatitis C D. both hepatitis B and C — explain your answer thoroughly

Ch.21 What causes patients infected with the yellow fever virus to turn yellow (jaundice)? A. low blood pressure and anemia B. excess leukocytes C. alteration of skin pigments D. liver damage in final stage of disease — What is the advantage for malarial parasites to grow and replicate in red blood cells? A. able to spread quickly B. able to avoid immune detection C. low oxygen environment for growth D. cooler area of the body for growth — Which microbe does not live part of its lifecycle outside humans? A. Toxoplasma gondii B. Cytomegalovirus C. Francisella tularensis D. Plasmodium falciparum — explain your answer thoroughly

Ch.22 Streptococcus pneumoniae has a capsule to protect it from killing by alveolar macrophages, which kill bacteria by… A. cytokines B. antibodies C. complement D. phagocytosis — What fact about the influenza virus allows the dramatic antigenic shift that generates novel strains? A. very large size B. enveloped C. segmented genome D. over 100 genes — explain your answer thoroughly