Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 1, Problem 3CONQ
Most genes encode proteins. Explain how the structure and function of proteins produce an organism’s traits.
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Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-
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Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too.
Some genes code for RNA molecules only.
Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more
than one gene.
a and c, but not b
a, b, and c
How might a point mutation in DNA affect the phenotype. How the genome is expressed in the organism? (Please explain this at the molecular level).
Describe the Central Dogma of molecular genetics and the three processes that drive the flow of genetic information in an organism.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 1.1 - 1. Which of the following is not a constituent of...Ch. 1.1 - 2. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the...Ch. 1.1 - The function of the genetic code is to a. promote...Ch. 1.1 - The process of transcription directly results in...Ch. 1.2 - Gene expression can be viewed at which of the...Ch. 1.2 - 2. Variation in the traits of organisms may be...Ch. 1.2 - 3. A human skin cell has 46 chromosomes. A human...Ch. 1.2 - 4. Evolutionary change caused by natural selection...Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following is not a model organism? a....Ch. 1.3 - A person studying the rate of transcription of a...
Ch. 1.4 - The scientific method involves which of the...Ch. 1 - Pick any example of a genetic technology and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 1 - Most genes encode proteins. Explain how the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 1 - Your textbook describes how the detrimental...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 1 - 13. With regard to biological evolution, which of...Ch. 1 - 14. What are the primary interests of researchers...Ch. 1 - What is a genetic cross?Ch. 1 - Prob. 2EQCh. 1 - Prob. 3EQCh. 1 - 4. Many organisms are studied by geneticists. Do...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5EQ
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- Determine which statements could be used as evidence to support the argument that "DNA influences the proteins that are made" and which statements are just facts. [Select all that apply.] The HBB gene that makes beta-globin has several abnormal alleles, including HbS, HbC, and HbE. Sickle cell disease has been successfully treated using bone marrow transplantation in children and adults. The symptoms of sickle cell anemia may not appear in individuals who only carry one HbS allele, but are always apparent when both alleles are HbS. If oxygen is removed from red blood cells made by two HbS alleles, the cell will form a sickle shape.arrow_forwardA hereditary disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The wild-type allele of the disease gene produces a mature mRNA that is 1250 nucleotides (nt) long. Molecular analysis shows that the mature mRNA consists of four exons that measure 400 nt (exon 1), 320 nt (exon 2), 230 nt (exon 3), and 300 nt (exon 4). A mother and father with two healthy children and two children with the disease have northern blot analysis performed. The results of the northern blot for each family member are shown below. a) Identify the genotype of each family member, using the size of mRNAs to indicate each allele. (For example, a person who is homozygous wild type is 1250/1250). b) Based on your analysis, what is the most likely molecular abnormality causing the disease allele?arrow_forwardThe protein known as tyrosinase is needed to make certain types of pigments. Tyrosinase is composed of a single polypeptide with 511amino acids. The molecular mass of this protein is approximately61,300 Da, or 61.3 kDa. People who carry two defective copies ofthe tyrosinase gene have the condition known as albinism. They areunable to make pigment in the skin, eyes, and hair. Western blottingis used to detect proteins that are translated from a particularmRNA. This method is described in Chapter 20 and also in experimentalquestion E4. Skin samples were collected from a pigmentedindividual (lane 1) and from three unrelated albino individuals(lanes 2, 3, and 4) and subjected to a Western blot analysis using anantibody that recognizes tyrosinase.arrow_forward
- Consider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. This molecule is transcribed from a stretch of DNA in the nucleus. Each nucleobase on the DNA produces a matching nucleobase on this molecule. Every 3-base codon specifies an amino acid in a protein. What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts. Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma. x 5arrow_forwardThe human genome has approximately 30,000 genes, but human cells can produce over 100,000 different polypeptides. Explain how this is possiblearrow_forwardUsing sickle-cell anemia as an example, describe what is meant by a molecular or genetic disease. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between this type of a disorder and a disease caused by an invading microorganism?arrow_forward
- Determine which statements could be used as evidence to support the argument that “DNA influences the proteins that are made” and which statements are just facts. [Select all that apply.] Group of answer choices The symptoms of sickle cell anemia may not appear in individuals who only carry one HbS allele, but are always apparent when both alleles are HbS. If oxygen is removed from red blood cells made by two HbS alleles, the cell will form a sickle shape. The HBB gene that makes beta-globin has several abnormal alleles, including HbS, HbC, and HbE. Sickle cell disease has been successfully treated using bone marrow transplantation in children and adults.arrow_forwardAll the cells of one organism share the same genome. However, during development, some cells develop into skin cells while others develop into muscle cells. Briefly explain how the same genetic instructions can result in two different cell types in the same organism.arrow_forwardHow would you explain gene expression? How is it that a particular genotype is actually expressed as a phenotype? I am looking for details here, including an explanation of the molecular mechanisms involved.arrow_forward
- The table below shows different types of mutations in different positions in four genes. Choose the letter (A to E), from the drop-down menu, that represents the most likely type of protein that will be produced from each of these mutated genes. A: completely normal protein B: functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal C: non-functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal D: non-functional protein with MANY amino acids different from normal E: no protein at all Answer Type of mutation Position of mutation in gene (A, B, C, D, or E) before the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme 2 base pair insertion Inonsense immediately before the stop codon in the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme silent 1 base pair insertion in an intronarrow_forwardBeadle and Tatum's experiments led to the "one gene - one enzyme (protein)" hypothesis. In subsequent years, many exceptions to this hypothesis were noted. A molecule of hemoglobin fails to support this hypothesis for which of the following reasons? n eukaryotes, one gene can code form multiple isoforms of a polypeptide. The functional hemoglobin protein is made from multiple polypeptides. Not all enzymes are proteins. Not all genes encode proteins.arrow_forwardDetermine the responsiveness of the wild-type protein to maltose, the way by which mutation affects the function of the protein, and the most probable nature of the mutation in the gene at the molecular level.arrow_forward
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