College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 1, Problem 24PE
A marathon runner completes a 42.188-km course in 2 h, 30 min, and 12 s. There is an uncertainty of 25 m in the distance traveled and an uncertainty of 1 s in the elapsed time. (a) Calculate the percent uncertainty in the distance. (b) Calculate the uncertainty in the elapsed time. (c) What is the average speed in meters per second? (d) What is the uncertainty in the average speed?
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
Submit
Request Answer
Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
Submit
Request Answer
Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
Submit
Request Answer
?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 1 Solutions
College Physics
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Ch. 1 - What is the relationship between the accuracy and...Ch. 1 - Prescriptions for vision correction are given in...Ch. 1 - The speed limit on some interstate highways is...Ch. 1 - A car is traveling at a speed of 33 m/s. (a) What...Ch. 1 - Show that 1.0m/s=3.6Km/h. Hint: Show the explicit...Ch. 1 - American football is played on a 100-yd-long...Ch. 1 - Soccer fields vary in size. A large soccer field...Ch. 1 - What is the height in meters of a person who is 6...Ch. 1 - Mount Everest, at 29,028 feet, is the tallest...Ch. 1 - The speed of sound is measured to be 342 m/s on a...Ch. 1 - Tectonic plates are large segments of the Earth's...Ch. 1 - (a) Refer to Table 1.3 to determine the average...Ch. 1 - Suppose that your bathroom scale reads your mass...Ch. 1 - A good-quality measuring tape can be off by 0.50...Ch. 1 - (a) A car speedometer has a 5.0% uncertainty. What...Ch. 1 - An infant's pulse rate is measured to be 1305...Ch. 1 - (a) Suppose that a person has an average heart...Ch. 1 - A can contains 375 mL of soda. How much is left...Ch. 1 - State how many significant figures are proper in...Ch. 1 - (a) How many significant figures are in the...Ch. 1 - (a) If your speedometer has an uncertainty of 2.0...Ch. 1 - (a) A person's blood pressure is measured to be...Ch. 1 - A person measures his or her heart rate by...Ch. 1 - What is the area of a circle 3.102 cm in diameter?Ch. 1 - If a marathon runner averages 9.5 mi/h, how long...Ch. 1 - A marathon runner completes a 42.188-km course in...Ch. 1 - The sides of a small rectangular box are measured...Ch. 1 - When non-metric units were used in the United...Ch. 1 - The length and width of a rectangular room are...Ch. 1 - A car engine moves a piston with a circular cross...Ch. 1 - How many heartbeats are there in a lifetime?Ch. 1 - A generation is about one-third of a lifetime....Ch. 1 - How many times longer than the mean life of an...Ch. 1 - Calculate the approximate number of atoms in a...Ch. 1 - Approximately how many atoms thick is a cell...Ch. 1 - (a) What fraction of Earth's diameter is the...Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate the number of cells in a hummingbird...Ch. 1 - Assuming one nerve impulse must end before another...
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