Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The difference between a hypothesis and the theory has to be given.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Hypothesis:
A hypothesis is a reasonable guess based on the limited data which acts as a foundation for the further investigation. A hypothesis is not tested and proven scientifically. The results are uncertain and it relies on the possibility.
Theory:
A theory is a well correct explanation of a natural phenomenon that is validated through observation and experimentation and it is base on wide range of data. A theory is tested and proven scientifically and the results are certain and it relies on evidence.
(b)
Interpretation:
The difference between theory and scientific law has to be given.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Theory:
A theory is a well correct explanation of a natural observable fact that is validated through observation and experimentation and it is base on wide range of data. A theory is tested and proven scientifically and the results are certain and it relies on evidence.
Example:
A theory tries to provide the most logical explanation about why things happen as they do. A theory might raise dominant and recessive genes to explain how brown-haired parents ended up with a red-headed child, or use gravity to shed light on the parabolic trajectory of a baseball.
Scientific law:
A scientific law is the description of an observed fact. It doesn’t explain why the observable fact exists or what causes it.
Example:
A scientific law predicts the results of unborn child’s possible hair colors, or how far a baseball travels when launched at a certain angle.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
EBK FOUNDATIONS OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY
- Which of the following are elements, and which are compounds? a NaOH; b BaCl2; c He; d Ag; e Fe2O3.arrow_forwardIn the following scenario, identify which of the statements represents a theory, law, or hypothesis. (a) A student exploring the properties of gases proposes that is she decreases the volume of a sample of gas then the pressure exerted by the sample will increase (b) Many scientists over time have conducted similar experiments and have concluded that pressure and volume are inversely proportional. (c) She proposes that the reason this occurs is that if the volume is decreased, more molecules will collide with a given area of the container walls, causing the pressure to be greater.arrow_forwardScientific models do not describe reality. They are simplifications aid therefore incorrect at some level. So why are models useful?arrow_forward
- What properties distinguish solids from liquids? Liquids from gases? Solids from gases?arrow_forwardThe following photo shows the element potassium reacting with water to from the element hydrogen, a gas, and a solution of the compound potassium hydroxide. (a) What states of matter are involved in the reaction? (b) Is the observed change chemical or physical? (c) What are the reactants in this reaction, and what are the produces? (d) What qualitative observations can be made concerning this reaction?arrow_forwardDefine the terms experiment and theory. How are theory and experiment related? What is a hypothesis?arrow_forward
- 1.23 Should the words theory and model be used interchangeably in the context of science? Defend your answer using information found in a web search.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are the same and which are different? a. a substance and a pure substance b. a heterogeneous mixture and a solution c. a substance and a mixture d. a homogeneous mixture and a solutionarrow_forwardDistinguish precisely and in scientific terms the differences among items in the following groups. a Macroscopic matter, microscopic matter, particulate matter b Physical change, physical property, chemical change, chemical property c Gases, liquids, solids d Element, compound e Atom, molecule f Pure substance, mixture g Homogeneous matter, heterogeneous matter h Reactant, product i Exothermic change, endothermic change j Potential energy, Kinetic energyarrow_forward
- Which of the following processes is a physical change? (a) evaporation of water; (b) combination ofhydrogen and oxygen gas to produce water; (c) dissolution of sugar in water; (d) separation of sodium chloride (table salt) into its constituentelements, sodium and chlorine; (e) combustion of sugar to produce carbon dioxide and water.arrow_forwardIdentify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or a theory. Explain your reasoning. (a) Falling barometric pressure precedes the onset of bad weather. (b) All life on earth has evolved from a common, primitive organism through the process of natural selection.arrow_forwardClassify each change as physical or chemical. (a) the rusting of iron(b) the evaporation of fingernail-polish remover (acetone) from the skin(c) the burning of coal(d) the fading of a carpet upon repeated exposure to sunlightarrow_forward
- World of ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780618562763Author:Steven S. ZumdahlPublisher:Houghton Mifflin College DivChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning