Chapter 1, Problem 1F.7E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elements, selenium, oxygen and tellurium has to be arranged in the decreasing order ionization energy.

Concept Introduction:

First ionization energy: The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

Down the group, generally first ionization energies decreases whereas across the period, first ionization energies typically increases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elements, gold, tantalum and osmium has to be arranged in the decreasing order ionization energy.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elements, lead, barium and cesium has to be arranged in the decreasing order ionization energy.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to (a).