Concept explainers
The fruits of wild species of tomato are tiny compared with the giant beefsteak tomatoes available today. This difference in fruit size is almost entirely due to the larger number of cells in the domesticated fruits. Plant biologists have recently discovered genes that are responsible for controlling cell division in tomatoes. Why would such a discovery be important to producers of other kinds of fruits and vegetables? To the study of human development and disease? To our basic understanding of biology?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology) Standalone Book
- Corn has been genetically engineered to produce the anti-insect poison of a bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. What is one benefit of this? What are some of the risks?arrow_forwardPlant seeds contain storage proteins that are encoded by the plant’s genes. When a seed germinates, these proteins are rapidly hydrolyzed (i.e., the covalent bonds between amino acids within the polypeptides are broken), which releases amino acids for the developing seedling. Would you expect the genes that encode plant storage proteins to evolve more slowly or more rapidly than genes that encode enzymes? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardA consortium of dairy and beef farmers has hired you to study the evolutionary origins of domestic cattle. They particularly want to know whether the humped zebu cattle of Asia and the cattle of Africa are derived from different species of wild cattle than European breeds. Outline a complete research program to study this question. Describe the sequence of steps you would need to do, what kind of data you would collect, and the methods you could use to evaluate possible trees and branches.arrow_forward
- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are used to create human growth hormone, insulin and clotting factor proteins that are used to treat dwarfism, diabetes and hemophilia respectively. Several crops such as corn and soybean have also been genetically modified in order to facilitate either the management or growth of these crops. Why do you think there is push back or opposition against the use of GM food crops but not in the use of products such as insulin, which is also created using GMOs?arrow_forwardPlants are living organisms that belong to the kingdom Plantae. They are multicellular eukaryotes, meaning they have cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Plants are characterized by their ability to produce their own food through photosynthesis, a process that involves using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen. One stressor for a pea plant could be exposure to high salinity in the soil. To simulate this stressor, we can water the plant with a solution containing higher levels of salt than normal. To record the impact of this stressor, we can measure the height and number of leaves of the plant. We can also measure the chlorophyll content in the leaves as an indicator of the plant's ability to carry out photosynthesis. Let's say we have two groups of pea plants, one group is watered with a normal solution and the other group is watered with a high salinity solution. After two weeks, we measure the height and number of leaves of…arrow_forwardYou are a developmental geneticist studying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis. You perform a mutagenesis screen to identify mutants in the photoperiod pathway. Given what you know about photoperiodism in Arabidopsis, what phenotype are you looking for and under what photoperiodic conditions would you perform the experiment? delayed flowering in long days delayed flowering in short days same flowering in short days early flowering in short days same flowering in long days early flowering in long daysarrow_forward
- Briefly discuss the following concerns of Biotechnology;(i) Monoclonal antibodies technology versus gene technology for cancer treatment.(ii) Traditional plant breeding versus Gene technology: Which is the more efficient way for pesticide resistant crop production?(iii) Chemical technology versus Enzyme technology in industrial application.(iv) Are genetically modified organisms (GMOs) a threat to the environment?arrow_forwardthis is an example of biotechnology: In order to increase the yield of oil from canola, research focused on ways to reduce competition from competitor weed plants. Weeds can be controlled by spraying with a herbicide that interferes with biological processes, like amino acid anabolic reactions, in the plant cells. A mutant of canola that is resistant to herbicides is sometimes grown in fields that are sprayed with the herbicide. The majority of canola in Canada, though, is genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides. also use the link: https://youtu.be/VS3kcwgIwm0 Question: Evaluating Biotechnologies in Food Systems As we practice being able to describe choices in Biology you will use this consolidation task to organize details about the advantages and disadvantages of biotechnologies. In an ideal world, all solutions to improving our food system would have no negative consequences. But issues in Biology involve the interaction of many different factors and changes in one…arrow_forwardThe genetic modification of plants for food is a hot-button issue around the world. Genes transplanted to corn, potato, soybean, and other food strains can confer desired traits, such as resistance to pests, which lessens the need for toxic pesticides. Though genetically modified foods are thought to be safe to eat, their impact on the environment may not be fully known. Do you worry about the long-term effects of genetically modified foods on your health, or the health of the environment? Do the positive impacts outweigh the negatives?arrow_forward
- There is a strict conditions that should be met before genetic engineering in plant crops could be successful, which of the following is true? * A. there should be a large number of genes B. genes that would be added should be specified C. genes that would be added should be mixed with other desirable genes D. the laboratory conditions should have ample oxygenarrow_forwardImagine a rocky slope in the Santa Ynez Mountains behind Santa Barbara that is covered purple sage (Salvia leucophylla) and white sage (Salvia apiana). Competition among plants is intense, and research has shown that individual plants compete for space via allelopathy. Imagine that some of the plants (the "mutants") experience a genetic mutation that renders the essential oils in their leaves much less volatile or much less abundant than the essential oils in the plants around them. The most likely outcome for these mutant plants is:arrow_forwardImproving the nutritional value of food has long been one of the goals in agricultural genetics. Crossing different strains of plants and animals followed by generations of artificial selection have yielded some successes, including the development of high-protein maize. The use of gene transfer biotechnology has led to other advances, including the creation of nutritionally enhanced rice to combat vitamin A deficiency and blindness. Researchers are now turning their attention to the nutritional enhancement of animals that are used as food. Scientists are now turning their attention to using gene transfer technology to nutritionally enhance animal foods. Recently, biotechnology was used to produce a sheep with increased amounts of an omega-3 essential fatty acid that plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and, in adults, reduces the risk of coronary artery disease. Once a small number of transgenic animals have been produced, they can be bred by conventional methods to establish a source of nutritionally enhanced meat and milk. The use of biotechnology is presenting consumers with many new choices, which will become more common in the future. Increasingly, we will all have to educate ourselves about the pros and cons of such decisions. How would you explain your decision to eat nutritionally enhanced meat from animals modified by biotechnology?arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning