Concept explainers
Quantitative Researchers hypothesized that leaf mimicry by B. trifoliolata provides protection from plant-eating animals (herbivores). The results of a study of 45 individual vines are shown in the following graph. Light conditions were very similar in all cases. Researchers compared the level of leaf damage by plant eaters (herbivory index) in vines climbing leafy host trees, vines creeping on the ground with no support, and vines climbing on bare tree trunks. Use the P values provided to determine if the differences are significant or not (*** means P < 0.001, see BioSkills 3). What conclusion, if any, can be drawn about leaf mimicry from this study? What might the researchers do next to further explore the role of leaf mimicry?
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Biological Science (7th Edition)
- What effects could there be in a plant depending on the pesticide selection?arrow_forwardc) Suppose you count the number of seeds produced by milkweed plants in different habitats with variable numbers of herbivores present. Add trendlines to the graphs below to represent your hypothesized outcomes for fecundity relative to plant damage and latex production. 0.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 - -1 2. Latex production index Plant damage index d) Provide a valid rationale to explain why latex production and plant damage would influence seed production as you hypothesized above. Differences in seed productionarrow_forwardIntraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. In the given context, can you explain thoroughly the meaning of plant density that this passage is talking about?arrow_forward
- Intraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. Explain why knowledge of the effects in density is important to the crop farmer.arrow_forwardColony collapse disorder (CCD) is unexplained loss of entire bee colonies that has been occurring in increased numbers across the world. The cause of the disorder is unknown, although it has been suggested that pesticides may play a role. To study this phenomenon, 300 bee colonies at 20 different sites across the U.S. are analyzed. Colonies are classified as having no CCD symptoms (group 1) or as having CCD symptoms (group 2). Bee pollen is isolated from group 1 and group 2 colonies and analyzed for the presence of pesticides. Significantly higher average pesticide levels being found in group 2 colonies, the conclusion of the study states that increasing pesticides use may be leading to the death of bees and a loss of bee colonies in CCD. Does this study have a control group? If so, what is the control group? If not, why not?arrow_forwardImagine you are a farm owner who uses pesticides to protect your crops. You have read articles on "superbugs" thus you are concerned about the potential effects of pesticide resistance. What is 1 strategy that you (the concerned farmer) could use to prevent pesticide resistance from occurring? * 近arrow_forward
- Table 1. Average turgor loss point, stem hydraulic conductivity and plant water use efficiency for the two species. Trait Species A Species B Statistics Turgor loss point -2.5 MPa -1.1. MPa p <0.033 Hydraulic conductivity 0.11 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 0.33 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 p <0.005 Water use efficiency 80.6 µmol mol-1 47.1 µmol mol-1 p <0.004 Explain using data from Table 1 and Figure 2 the two different physiological strategies for these species against the environmental stressors expected from Figure 1. Figure 2.(attached) Pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) for the two species at different dates throughout the year.arrow_forwardFor the article "Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption" (https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14557) answer the following points: - What was the question addressed by the author(s)? What was the author's hypothesis? - Overall, what did the author physically do, use, and/or document to test the hypothesis? - Summarize the results.arrow_forwardLarvae and pupae per Bt plant 100 I ö 快 -- Mosaic, Cry1Ac plant --0-- Mosaic, Cry1C plant -- Sequential, Cry1Ac plant --- Sequential, Cry1C plant Pyramid, two-gene plant 1 1 1 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Generation Figure 1. The figure above shows the average numbers of larvae and pupae of the moth found per Bt plant in each of the treatments. Note the logarithmic scale on the y-axis. Question 7. How might one test whether the differences in moth density in the two types of plants are due to actual differences in toxicity?arrow_forward
- Draw a graph of the abundance of each type of plant (three lines) versus water availability. Please use C4 plants, C3 plants, and CAM plants for the graph.arrow_forwardDescribe TWO ways in which fire ants either positively or negatively affect ecosystem services related to agriculture.arrow_forwardAre there examples of mutualism or parasitism within these species? Explain and classify them into categories of mutualism, parasitism, and none.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning