Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 10TYPSS
Summary Introduction
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The human populations would likely evolve differently in areas of the world where HIV infection rates are high.
Introduction:
The genes (heritable traits) are passed from the parents to their offspring. The traits give identity to an individual. Few traits are required for the survival. Some genes undergo evolution for the better survival of the individual. The individuals with evolved traits produce offspring having the same traits. Thus, the frequency of such traits increases in a population and this leads to evolution.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 1 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek made an important...Ch. 1 - What does it mean to say that a characteristic is...Ch. 1 - 4. Could both the food competition hypothesis and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 1 - What did Linnaeus' system of naming organisms...Ch. 1 - 7. What is “selected” during natural selection?...Ch. 1 - 8. PROCESS OF SCIENCE Explain why researchers...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10TYPSSCh. 1 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 1 - Prob. 12PIAT
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- The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), is an HIV-like virus that originally attacks the immune system of monkeys and apes. In 1999, researchers identified a strain of chimpanzee SIV called SIVcpz, which was nearly identical to HIV. Which of the following conclusions could be drawn from the similarities and relatedness that exist between humans and primates based on respective strains of viruses? Mosquitos are vectors of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), and HIV. Once injected with their proboscis and introduced viruses into the human bloodstream, viral mutations occur. Human immunodeficiency virus has reverse transcriptase so it is easier for them to transform into another strain of the virus. The introduction of new viral strains is inevitable and they do not possess selectivity. Both immune host cells from humans and chimpanzees are susceptible to any viral infection. Humans and Chimpanzees were similar so it is easier for the Simian Immunodeficiency…arrow_forwardSome scientists say that modern medicine and better sanitation are slowing down or altering the course of human evolution in highly developed countries today. As a result, evolution in humans today has gone from survival of the fittest to survival of almost everyone. Do you think that this idea is valid? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDesign a study to test the hypothesis that human populations will evolve in response to selection relevant to HIV exposure. What do you predict will be a likely adaptation in the human population? How would the experiments in your study prove your hypothesis?arrow_forward
- The application of evolution to understanding disease is widespread and productive. What is the benefit of applying Darwinian principles to medical practice?arrow_forwardInfluenza and smallpox are diseases caused by different types of viruses. Scientists must produce a new influenza vaccine each year, whereas the smallpox vaccine eradicated the disease. Explain these results from an evolutionary perspective.arrow_forwardAntibiotic resistance is an example of natural selection, because future generations will have a lower proportion of individuals who are resistant. future generations will have a greater proportion of individuals who are resistant. future generations will have smaller populations sizes. future generations will be more effective at making people sick. future generations will be more effective at infecting more people.arrow_forward
- If we lived in a world without mutation, then we will not have evolution. 1)True 2)Falsearrow_forwardCan viruses adapt by natural selection? A. No, because there isn't a genetic basis for inheritance between parent and offspring virus particles. B. No, because there isn't a way to distinguish more fit from less fit virus particles C. Yes but only via human (domestic/artificial) selection D. No they evolve by mutations. E. Yes, virus particles that are most successful successful in reproducing quickly and infecting other host cells are the best adapted.arrow_forwardWolbachia is a genus of bacteria that infect cells of invertebrates. Surveys have found that up to a fifth of insect species have at least some individuals infected with Wolbachia. Pathogen or parasite? This endosymbiont (a symbiont that lives inside its host) bacteria can have many effects on its host, including killing offspring and changing the sex of offspring. Ary Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne in Australia, Michael Turelli from the University of California at Davis, and their associates have been studying Wolbachia infections in populations of Drosophila simulans from California. From the initial infection around 1980, Wolbachia infection spread northward across the state during the 1980s and 1990s. The most striking manifestation of infection in this fly species is cytoplasmic incompatibility: offspring produced in crosses where males are infected and the females are uninfected tend to die early in development. In crosses between infected males and infected females,…arrow_forward
- Read the Guilty dentist information. Then use your understanding to answer the following question: What was the result?arrow_forwardRead the Guilty dentist information. Then use your understanding to answer the following question: What was the conclusion?arrow_forwardThe media has recently reported that a high number of patients while staying in the hospital, are gettinginfections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Using evolutionary theory, explain how this could occur.arrow_forward
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