Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Loose-leaf Version
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305968707
Author: Spencer L. Seager
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.121E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The freezing point of water in Kelvin is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
Temperature can be measured in Kelvin scale, Celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale. Celsius is commonly used measurement unit for temperature. Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature. The absolute zero on the Kelvin scale is the temperature at which all the thermal motion ceases.
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
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If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
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g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
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• CH3
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Loose-leaf Version
Ch. 1 - A heavy steel ball is suspended by a thin wire....Ch. 1 - Explain how the following are related to each...Ch. 1 - Tell how you would try to prove to a doubter that...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.4ECh. 1 - The attractive force of gravity for objetcs near...Ch. 1 - Earths rotation causes it to bulge at the equator....Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as a physical or...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as a physical or...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following properties as...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following properties as...
Ch. 1 - A sample of liquid alcohol is frozen to a solid,...Ch. 1 - Succinic acid, a white solid that melts at 182C,...Ch. 1 - A sample of solid elemental phosphorus that is...Ch. 1 - Oxygen gas and solid carbon are both made up of...Ch. 1 - Under appropriate conditions, hydrogen peroxide...Ch. 1 - Water can be decomposed to hydrogen gas and oxygen...Ch. 1 - Methane gas, a component of natural gas, is burned...Ch. 1 - Classify each pure substance represented below by...Ch. 1 - Classify each pure substance represented below by...Ch. 1 - Consider the following experiments, and answer the...Ch. 1 - Early scientists incorrectly classified calcium...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as homogeneous or...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as homogeneous or...Ch. 1 - Classify as pure substance or solution each of the...Ch. 1 - Classify as pure substance or solution each of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.26ECh. 1 - In the distant past, 1in. was defined as the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.28ECh. 1 - Which of the following quantities are expressed in...Ch. 1 - Which of the following quantities are expressed in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.31ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.32ECh. 1 - Referring only to Table 1.2, answer the following...Ch. 1 - Referring only to Table 1.2, answer the following...Ch. 1 - One inch is approximately equal to 2.54cm. 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Your...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.83ECh. 1 - You have a 40-lb baggage limit for a transatlantic...Ch. 1 - You need 3.00lb of meat that sells for 3.41/lb...Ch. 1 - During a glucose tolerance test, the serum glucose...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.87ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.88ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.89ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.90ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.91ECh. 1 - Immunoglobulin antibodies occur in five forms. A...Ch. 1 - Calculate the density of the following materials...Ch. 1 - Calculate the density of the following materials...Ch. 1 - Calculate the volume and density of a rectangular...Ch. 1 - Calculate the volume and density of a cube of lead...Ch. 1 - The volume of an irregularly shaped solid can be...Ch. 1 - The density of ether is 0.736g/mL. What is the...Ch. 1 - Calculate the mass in grams of 100.0mL of...Ch. 1 - Do the following metric system conversions by...Ch. 1 - A single water molecule has a mass of 2.991023g....Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.102ECh. 1 - Cooking oil has a density of 0.812g/mL. What is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.104ECh. 1 - At 4.0C, pure water has a density of 1.00g/mL. At...Ch. 1 - The following pairs of substances represent...Ch. 1 - Explain why a bathroom mirror becomes foggy when...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.108ECh. 1 - Liquid mercury metal freezes to a solid at a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.110ECh. 1 - Show how the factor-unit method can be used to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.112ECh. 1 - Refer to Chemistry Around Us 1.2 and explain what...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.114ECh. 1 - Which of the following properties is considered a...Ch. 1 - Which of the following properties depicts a...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is a mixture? a.sodium...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.118ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.119ECh. 1 - The correct formula for converting Fahrenheit to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.121ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.122ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.123ECh. 1 - How many millimeters are there in one centimeter?...Ch. 1 - Convert 4.50102nm into pm. a.4.50102pm b.4.50102pm...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.126ECh. 1 - Convert 4.50102nm into m. a.4.50102m b.4.501011m...Ch. 1 - The quantity 6185meters can be rewritten as: a....Ch. 1 - The number 1,000,000 is what power of 10? a. 106...Ch. 1 - What exponent or power of ten would you use to...Ch. 1 - Express 0.0562 in exponential notation. a....Ch. 1 - Write the correct answer correct number of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.133ECh. 1 - The percentage of oxygen by weight in Al2(SO4)3...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.135ECh. 1 - The density of gold (Au) is 19.3g/cm3 and that of...
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