Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780132273244
Author: Doug Giancoli
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 10Q
List assumptions useful to estimate the number of car mechanics in (a) San Francisco, (b) your hometown, and then make the estimates.
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
Submit
Request Answer
Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
Submit
Request Answer
Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
Submit
Request Answer
?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide
Ch. 1.3 - The area of a rectangle 4.5 cm by 3.25 cm is...Ch. 1.3 - Do 0.00324 and 0.00056 have the same number of...Ch. 1.3 - For each of the following numbers, state the...Ch. 1.3 - Write each of the following in scientific notation...Ch. 1.5 - There are only 14 eight-thousand-meter peaks in...Ch. 1.5 - Would a driver traveling at 15 m/s in a 35 mi/h...Ch. 1 - Why is it incorrect to think that the more digits...Ch. 1 - When traveling a highway in the mountains, you may...Ch. 1 - What is wrong with this road sign: Memphis 7 mi...Ch. 1 - For an answer to be complete, the units need to be...
Ch. 1 - Discuss how the notion of symmetry could be used...Ch. 1 - You measure the radius of a wheel to be 4.16 cm....Ch. 1 - Express the sine of 30.0 with the correct number...Ch. 1 - A recipe for a souffl specifies that the measured...Ch. 1 - List assumptions useful to estimate the number of...Ch. 1 - Suggest a way to measure the distance from Earth...Ch. 1 - Can you set up a complete set of base quantities,...Ch. 1 - (I) The age of the universe is thought to be about...Ch. 1 - (I) How many significant figures do each of the...Ch. 1 - (I) Write the following numbers in powers of ten...Ch. 1 - (I) Write out the following numbers in full with...Ch. 1 - (II) What is the percent uncertainty in the...Ch. 1 - (II) Time intervals measured with a stopwatch...Ch. 1 - (II) Add (9.2 103 s) + (8.3 104 s) + (0.008 106...Ch. 1 - (II) Multily 2.079 102 m by 0.082 101, taking...Ch. 1 - (III) For small angles , the numerical value of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10PCh. 1 - (I) Write the following as full (decimal) numbers...Ch. 1 - (I) Express the following using the prefixes of...Ch. 1 - (I) Determine your own height in meters, and your...Ch. 1 - The Sun, on average, is 93 million miles from...Ch. 1 - What is the conversion factor between (a) ft2 and...Ch. 1 - (II) An airplane travels at 950km/h. How long does...Ch. 1 - (II) A typical atom has a diameter of about 1.0 ...Ch. 1 - Prob. 18PCh. 1 - (II) Determine the conversion factor between (a)...Ch. 1 - How much longer (percentage) is a one-mile race...Ch. 1 - (II) A light-year is the distance light travels in...Ch. 1 - (II) If you used only a keyboard to enter data,...Ch. 1 - (III) The diameter of the Moon is 3480km. (a) What...Ch. 1 - (I) Estimate the order of magnitude (power of ten)...Ch. 1 - (II) Estimate how many books can be shelved in a...Ch. 1 - (II) Estimate how many hours it would take a...Ch. 1 - (II) Estimate the number of liters of water a...Ch. 1 - (II) Estimate how long it would take one person to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30PCh. 1 - (III) You are in a hot air balloon, 200 m above...Ch. 1 - (III) I agree to hire you for 30days and you can...Ch. 1 - (III) Many sailboats are moored at a marina 4.4 km...Ch. 1 - (III) Another experiment you can do also uses the...Ch. 1 - (I) What are the dimensions of density, which is...Ch. 1 - (II) The speed v of an object is given by the...Ch. 1 - (II) Three students derive the following equations...Ch. 1 - Prob. 38PCh. 1 - Global positioning satellites (GPS) can be used to...Ch. 1 - Computer chips (Fig. 113) etched on circular...Ch. 1 - Prob. 41GPCh. 1 - Prob. 42GPCh. 1 - A typical adult human lung contains about 300...Ch. 1 - One hectare is defined as 1.000 104m2. One acre...Ch. 1 - Estimate the number of gallons of gasoline...Ch. 1 - Use Table 13 to estimate the total number of...Ch. 1 - An average family of four uses roughly 1200 L...Ch. 1 - Estimate the number of gumballs in the machine of...Ch. 1 - How big is a ton? Thai is, what is the volume of...Ch. 1 - A certain audio compact disc (CD) contains 783.216...Ch. 1 - Prob. 52GPCh. 1 - Prob. 53GPCh. 1 - Noahs ark was ordered to be 300 cubits long, 50...Ch. 1 - Estimate how many days it would take to walk...Ch. 1 - One liter (1000cm3) of oil is spilled onto a...Ch. 1 - Jean camps beside a wide river and wonders how...Ch. 1 - Prob. 58GPCh. 1 - An angstrom (symbol A) is a unit of length,...Ch. 1 - The diameter of the Moon is 3480 km. What is the...Ch. 1 - Determine the percent uncertainty in , and in sin...Ch. 1 - If you began walking along one of Earths lines of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 63GPCh. 1 - Prob. 65GPCh. 1 - The density of an object is defined as its mass...Ch. 1 - Prob. 67GPCh. 1 - One mole of atoms consists of 6.02 1023...Ch. 1 - Recent findings in astrophysics suggest that the...
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