Answered: Your friend Jasper is a PhD student in…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Related questions

Question

Please, I do not understand this question. An explanation leading to the CORRECT answer would be helpful! Question: Your friend Jasper is a PhD student in a neurobiology lab, and his research focuses on the role of acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system. Jasper is telling you that he discovered this a new type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and you want to impress him. You make it clear that you know...

Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors are always
inhibitory
Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors only occur in
the sympathetic system
Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors always
indirectly open other ion
channels
YES
Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors are always
excitatory

Expert Solution

Step 1: Understanding the role of acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a crucial neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary bodily functions. ACh plays a central role in mediating communication between nerve cells (neurons) and target tissues or organs.

1. Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS):

• ACh is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the ANS, often referred to as the “rest and digest” system.

• It is released by preganglionic neurons of the PNS to transmit signals to postganglionic neurons and target organs.

• ACh promotes activities that conserve and restore energy, such as slowing heart rate, promoting digestion, and constricting bronchioles.

2. Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS):

• ACh is also involved in the sympathetic division of the ANS, often called the “fight or flight” system.

• In the sympathetic nervous system, ACh is released by preganglionic neurons to transmit signals to ganglionic neurons.

• These ganglionic neurons then release norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to activate target organs, preparing the body for quick responses to stress or danger.

3. Neuromuscular Junction:

• ACh is vital for muscle contractions at the neuromuscular junction.

• Motor neurons release ACh at neuromuscular synapses, which triggers muscle fiber contraction.