You need to soften water at a 20 MGD potable water treatment facility using lime (Ca(OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3). Chemical analysis of the water revealed the constituent concentrations in the table below. ConcentrationMolecular WeightCO26mg/L44g/molCa2+20mg/L40g/molMg2+10mg/L24.4g/molNa+5mg/L23g/molAlkalinity105mg/L100g/molSO42-4mg/L96g/molCl-7mg/L35.5g/mol What is the Carbonate Harness (concentration) in this system?Calculate the quantity of softening materials required on a daily basis for and excess lime treatment process (assume 24 hr operation).

Making a table: Equivalent weight Concentrationeqivalent weight Concentrationeqivalent weight×50 CO2 442=22 0.13642=0.2727 6.82 Ca+2 402=20 1 50 Mg+2 24.42=12.2 0.8197 40.985 Na+ 23 0.2174 10.87 Alkalinity 100 1.05 52.5 SO4-2 962=48 0.0834 4.165 Cl- 35.5 0.1972 9.86 Calculating carbonate hardness: CH=1.05+0.834×50=66.1 mg/l as CaCO3 b) =20 MGD=90921800 l/day magnesium carbonate hardness: =1.322-1.05=0.272 meq/l=2×0.272 =0.544 meq/l of CaOH2 magnesium non-carbonate hardness: =1.6-1.322=0.278 meq/l Lime and soda ash quantity: ∑CaOH2=1+0.544+0.278=1.822 meq/l∑NaCO3=0.278 meq/l Quantity of lime required: =1.822 meq/l×90921800 l/day=6129.4 kg/day Quantity of lime required: =0.278 meq/l×90921800 l/day=825.775 kg/day

Answered: You need to soften water at a 20 MGD…

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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You need to soften water at a 20 MGD potable water treatment facility using lime (Ca(OH)₂) and soda ash (Na₂CO₃). Chemical analysis of the water revealed the constituent concentrations in the table below.

	Concentration	Molecular Weight
CO₂	6	mg/L	44	g/mol
Ca²⁺	20	mg/L	40	g/mol
Mg²⁺	10	mg/L	24.4	g/mol
Na⁺	5	mg/L	23	g/mol
Alkalinity	105	mg/L	100	g/mol
SO₄^2-	4	mg/L	96	g/mol
Cl^-	7	mg/L	35.5	g/mol

What is the Carbonate Harness (concentration) in this system?
Calculate the quantity of softening materials required on a daily basis for and excess lime treatment process (assume 24 hr operation).

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