You need to soften water at a 20 MGD potable water treatment facility using lime (Ca(OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3). Chemical analysis of the water revealed the constituent concentrations in the table below. Concentration Molecular Weight CO2 6 mg/L 44 g/mol Ca2+ 20 mg/L 40 g/mol Mg2+ 10 mg/L 24.4 g/mol Na+ 5 mg/L 23 g/mol Alkalinity 105 mg/L 100 g/mol SO42- 4 mg/L 96 g/mol Cl- 7 mg/L 35.5 g/mol

Structural Analysis
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Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
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Chapter2: Loads On Structures
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  1. You need to soften water at a 20 MGD potable water treatment facility using lime (Ca(OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3). Chemical analysis of the water revealed the constituent concentrations in the table below.

 

 

Concentration

Molecular Weight

CO2

6

mg/L

44

g/mol

Ca2+

20

mg/L

40

g/mol

Mg2+

10

mg/L

24.4

g/mol

Na+

5

mg/L

23

g/mol

Alkalinity

105

mg/L

100

g/mol

SO42-

4

mg/L

96

g/mol

Cl-

7

mg/L

35.5

g/mol

 

  • What is the Carbonate Harness (concentration) in this system?
  • Calculate the quantity of softening materials required on a daily basis for and excess lime treatment process (assume 24 hr operation).
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