You are interested in the evolution of stress responses in a tropical bird - "species 1." This species has a closely related species found in Minnesota (species 2), where the breeding season is very short. In the tropics, species 1 can potentially reproduce year-round. How might you predict the stress responses of the species to differ in terms of cortisol expression following a brief stressor (e.g., exposure to predator or food restriction)? Cortisol levels Species 1 Species 2 B Species 1 Species 2 TIME C Species 2 Species 1 D Species 2 Species 1

You are interested in the evolution of stress responses in a tropical bird - "species 1." This species has a closely related species found in Minnesota (species 2), where the breeding season is very short. In the tropics, species 1 can potentially reproduce year-round. How might you predict the stress responses of the species to differ in terms of cortisol expression following a brief stressor (e.g., exposure to predator or food restriction)? Cortisol levels Species 1 Species 2 B Species 1 Species 2 TIME C Species 2 Species 1 D Species 2 Species 1

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter42: The Endocrine System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ITD

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The brown-nosed tweety bird can be found in both urban and wild environments. Researchers collected 100 birds from a forest, and divided them into two groups of 50 birds, each with 25 males and 25 females. One group was released into the forest and the other into a nearby city. After 1 year, a group of hardworking students collected all 100 birds and measured stress indices associated with signalling by their "stress glucocorticoid hormone", corticosterone (a steroid). They find that compared to the forest birds, the urban birds have greater levels of a stressed phenotype. Which of the following observations is MOST LIKELY to be part of the explanation for this observation? The urban birds have similar levels of corticosterone, but higher levels of the membrane receptor for this glucocorticoid The urban birds have genetic differences in their glucocorticoid receptor to give it higher affinity, making them more sensitive to corticosterone. The urban birds have lower expression of genes…
From the diagram, !shortly! explain how this hormone cascade promotes homeostasis.
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Endocrinologists, scientists and medical doctors who study how hormones work in the body, can track reproductive hormones in female mammals to determine when and how much of each of the hormones listed in the table above are present in the body Tracking the leveis of hormones and when they are released provides valuable information for developing tests that can predict when events, like ovulation, will occur 5. Given the information in the table above, identify at least threo hormones that, if tracked, would be good indicators that ovulation is about to occur ina female giant panda. WCinizing hoYYmone (LH it IS the production tyiggering vel M the follicie.- Follice Shmulahng hormone (FSH) Promotes the graw Dlicies in the Ovary that produce cstrogçn 8 EStYogen: Prepaves the ui cal implantation of 'an cmbhyo after fertilizatian takes place. In order to best support panda reproduction by natural mating and artficial insemination, highly sensitive and specific tests are wdaoeded to…
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Scientists have noticed a disturbing trend in the freshwater ecosystems in North America: a large number of male fish are found to contain female egg cells growing inside their testes. The feminization of male fish is called intersex, and its exact cause is still baffling many scientists. Many studies have shown that intersex can be induced when male fish are exposed to endocrine disruptors. An endocrine disruptor stimulates or inhibits the endocrine system, causing either an increase or decrease in hormone production. However, it is easier to demonstrate the direct cause and effect in a laboratory environment where the fish are only exposed to a single endocrine disruptor. In nature, there are many other variables such as low oxygen levels or warmer water temperatures that could also cause feminization in fish. What can we, as a society or as individuals, do to protect our ecosystems and watersheds from endocrine disruptors?
Scientists have noticed a disturbing trend in the freshwater ecosystems in North America: a large number of male fish are found to contain female egg cells growing inside their testes. The feminization of male fish is called intersex, and its exact cause is still baffling many scientists. Many studies have shown that intersex can be induced when male fish are exposed to endocrine disruptors. An endocrine disruptor stimulates or inhibits the endocrine system, causing either an increase or decrease in hormone production. However, it is easier to demonstrate the direct cause and effect in a laboratory environment where the fish are only exposed to a single endocrine disruptor. In nature, there are many other variables such as low oxygen levels or warmer water temperatures that could also cause feminization in fish. Identify two reasons why we should be concerned about the feminization of fish.
Scientists have noticed a disturbing trend in the freshwater ecosystems in North America: a large number of male fish are found to contain female egg cells growing inside their testes. The feminization of male fish is called intersex, and its exact cause is still baffling many scientists. Many studies have shown that intersex can be induced when male fish are exposed to endocrine disruptors. An endocrine disruptor stimulates or inhibits the endocrine system, causing either an increase or decrease in hormone production. However, it is easier to demonstrate the direct cause and effect in a laboratory environment where the fish are only exposed to a single endocrine disruptor. In nature, there are many other variables such as low oxygen levels or warmer water temperatures that could also cause feminization in fish. Name two endocrine disruptors, identify their source and explain how they can get into freshwater bodies? An example has been given. Endocrine Disruptor: DDT…
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Researchers measured prolactin and growth hormone in the blood plasma of six subjects at regular intervals over a 24-hour period. The investigators were interested in determining if the levels of these two hormones cycle over a 24-hour period. The Figure presents the results of their experiments, with the y axis values showing the amount of each hormone expressed as a percentage of the 24-hour mean value, and each point showing the average of the six subjects levels. FIGURE Mean concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone in plasma, averaged for six subjects and expressed as a percentage of the average concentrations measured for the 24-hour period. Do the results support the hypothesis that the changes in prolactin level over a 24-hour period are associated with the sleepwake cycle? Source: From J. F. Sassin et al. 1972. Human prolactin: 24-hour pattern with increased release during sleep. Science 177:12051207.