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Increase in Variable Decease in Variable 0 Increase in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Low blood calcium level :: Set point Decrease in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Calcitonin is released High blood calcium level :: PTH is released

Increase in Variable Decease in Variable 0 Increase in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Low blood calcium level :: Set point Decrease in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Calcitonin is released High blood calcium level :: PTH is released

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Calcium is a mineral that is important for many cells of the body. It is required for bone strength. It is also necessary for muscle contraction and the proper functioning of neurons. When you eat food that provides you with calcium, there will temporarily be an excess of it in the bloodstream. This is sensed by the thyroid gland, which is located in your lower neck region. The thyroid responds by secreting calcitonin into your bloodstream. The calcitonin signals to your bones to absorb and deposit calcium. Sometimes there is so much calcium that your bones cannot absorb it all, so calcitonin also signals to your kidneys to absorb some calcium and filter it out of the blood and add it too your urine where it can be excreted. Once calcium levels drop to the set point, calcitonin secretion stops. On the other hand, if calcium levels in the blood drop too far below the set point, there is a danger that the muscles and neurons will not have enough to function. A different gland called the parathyroid gland (because it is next to the thyroid gland) will send out a hormone called parathyroid hormone (not a very creative name), also known as PTH. PTH will signal to bone cells that they must dissolve and release some of their calcium to the bloodstream so that the levels rise and it can travel to other cells that need it. Once calcium levels rise to the set point, PTH secretion stops. Use your knowledge from this reading to label the following feedback loop Increase in Variable Decease in Variable
Transcribed Image Text:Calcium is a mineral that is important for many cells of the body. It is required for bone strength. It is also necessary for muscle contraction and the proper functioning of neurons. When you eat food that provides you with calcium, there will temporarily be an excess of it in the bloodstream. This is sensed by the thyroid gland, which is located in your lower neck region. The thyroid responds by secreting calcitonin into your bloodstream. The calcitonin signals to your bones to absorb and deposit calcium. Sometimes there is so much calcium that your bones cannot absorb it all, so calcitonin also signals to your kidneys to absorb some calcium and filter it out of the blood and add it too your urine where it can be excreted. Once calcium levels drop to the set point, calcitonin secretion stops. On the other hand, if calcium levels in the blood drop too far below the set point, there is a danger that the muscles and neurons will not have enough to function. A different gland called the parathyroid gland (because it is next to the thyroid gland) will send out a hormone called parathyroid hormone (not a very creative name), also known as PTH. PTH will signal to bone cells that they must dissolve and release some of their calcium to the bloodstream so that the levels rise and it can travel to other cells that need it. Once calcium levels rise to the set point, PTH secretion stops. Use your knowledge from this reading to label the following feedback loop Increase in Variable Decease in Variable
| " Increase in Variable Decease in Variable :: Increase in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Low blood calcium level Decrease in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Set point :: Calcitonin is released High blood calcium level :: PTH is released
Transcribed Image Text:| " Increase in Variable Decease in Variable :: Increase in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Low blood calcium level Decrease in blood calcium level to bring it back toward normal :: Set point :: Calcitonin is released High blood calcium level :: PTH is released
Expert Solution
Step 1: Introduction

Calcium is an essential element that is required for important functions like bone mineralization, muscle contraction and neuron function in the body. It is crucial to maintain a calcium level of 8.6 - 10. 3 mg/dl in the body for normal body function.  Abnormal calcium levels either due to hypercalcaemia or hypocalcaemia can result in life-threatening conditions. Calcium homeostasis is maintained primarily by 3 hormones - calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D3 - through their action on bone, GIT and kidney.

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