You are a graduate student in an M.D./Ph.D program, attempting a study of the efficacy of different HIV treatments. Viral load was measured in 15 HIV-positive patients, 7 of whom were under one treatment regime, and 8 under another (all measurements in 103 RNA copies per ml). treatment 1: 18, 77, 70, 20, 8, 59, 86 treatment 2: 21, 8, 46, 39, 23, 19, 3, 31 a) Assuming that these data meet assumptions for a parametric test, what test would it be? State the appropriate null hypothesis for this test. b) Calculate the appropriate test statistic for this test. Do you reject or fail to reject the null? Show your work. c) In truth, these data aren’t very normally distributed. Assume that transformation doesn’t help them meet the assumption. What alternate test should you perform in this situation? d) State the null hypothesis for this test, and carry it out. Do you reject or fail to reject the null? Show your work.
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
- You are a graduate student in an M.D./Ph.D program, attempting a study of the efficacy of different HIV treatments. Viral load was measured in 15 HIV-positive patients, 7 of whom were under one treatment regime, and 8 under another (all measurements in 103 RNA copies per ml).
treatment 1: 18, 77, 70, 20, 8, 59, 86
treatment 2: 21, 8, 46, 39, 23, 19, 3, 31
a) Assuming that these data meet assumptions for a parametric test, what test would it be?
State the appropriate null hypothesis for this test.
b) Calculate the appropriate test statistic for this test. Do you reject or fail to reject the null? Show your work.
c) In truth, these data aren’t very
d) State the null hypothesis for this test, and carry it out. Do you reject or fail to reject the null? Show your work.
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