xplain the basic compenet of numric relay
Protection System
A system that protects electrical systems from faults by isolating the problematic part from the remainder of the system, preventing power from being cut from healthy elements, improving system dependability and efficiency is the protection system. Protection devices are the equipment that are utilized to implement the protection system.
Predictive Maintenance System
Predictive maintenance technologies are designed to assist in determining the state of in-service equipment so that maintenance can be scheduled. Predictive maintenance is the application of information; proactive maintenance approaches examine the condition of equipment and anticipate when it should maintain. The purpose of predictive maintenance is to forecast when equipment will fail (depending on a variety of parameters), then prevent the failure through routine and corrective maintenance.Condition monitoring is the continual monitoring of machines during process conditions to maintain optimal machine use, which is necessary for predictive maintenance. There are three types of condition monitoring: online, periodic, and remote. Finally, remote condition monitoring allows the equipment observed from a small place and data supplied for analysis.
Preventive Maintenance System
To maintain the equipment and materials on a regular basis in order to maintain those running conditions and reduce unnecessary shutdowns due to unexpected equipment failure is called Preventive Maintenance (PM).
A Numerical relay is a relay that is based on a microprocessor. It is also called as a digital relay. It works on numbers representing the instantaneous values of the signal i.e. the voltage, current, and frequency.
Components of Numeric relay
A numeric relay is very complex and has several components but the most important once are as follows
1. Input Module:- All the signals available from the power systems are in analog form ie the voltage, the current, the frequency all these signals are incompatible with the microprocessor-based relays, therefore, it has to be converted into digital form but before conversion, we filter the signals using low pass filter so that the high-frequency noise obtained from harmonics of machines may be eliminated.
2. CPU:- The central processing unit is the heart of the microprocessor-based relay it executes the programs that are uploaded in the relay and based on the instructions given by the program it analyses the input data and gives the output.
3. Memory:- The numeric relay has RAM and PROM that are generally the storage units that store the important data and instructions when operations are carried out by the microprocessor.
4. ADC:- The ADC or the analog to digital converter is the device that converts the input signals available from the devices like the CTs and the PTs to the microprocessor so that the input data becomes compatible for the relay
5. Output module:- The output module is the digital contact that gets activated when the CPU generates the trip command in case of any abnormal condition or a fault
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