Wyckoff et al. (2000. Nature 403:304-309) have proposed that some human male reproductive-associated genes have evolved by natural selection and not by neutral evolution. Part of the DNA sequence results of their study is shown below.  Which gene(s) did seem to evolve by natural selection?  Note:  dn  =  number of substitutions per non-synonymous (replacement) sites and ds  =  number of substitutions per synonymous (silent) sites.                                                                              dn                                             ds Acrosin-Trypsin                                               0.138                                       0.064 Protamine 1                                                    0.133                                       0.046 SRY                                                                  0.055                                       0.090 Histone H1 (testicular)                                    0.055                                       0.096               A:  Histone H1 (testicular)             B:  Protamine 1             C:  Acrosin-Trypsin inhibitor only             D:  Sry and Histone H1 (testicular)             E:  Acrosin-Trypsin inhibitor and Protamine 1

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.