Answered: Write the CAPITAL Letter of the correct…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Write the CAPITAL Letter of the correct

A if both statements are true

B if the 1^st statement is false and the 2^nd is true C if the 1^s^t statement is true and the 2^nd is false D if both statements are false

1. The magnitude of any enthalpy change depends on the conditions of temperature, pressure and state of the reactants and products. The more disordered the system, the smaller the entropy.

2. ASsys > 0 is an equation that represents the Second Law of Thermodynamic The equation Sgas = 0 represents the entropy of the substance.

3. Entropy changes cannot be measured with a calorimeter like enthalpy changes. If the result upon calculation of entropy changes in the universe is a positive value, the process is reactant-favored.

4. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical chemistry that deals with thermal changes. Thermochemistry determines the quantities of energy emitted or absorbed.

5. Changes that seem to happen by themselves in one direction are spontaneous reactions. The entropy of the universe decreases in a spontaneous process.

6. A portion that is singled out in a study where energy can be transferred back and forth is called the surroundings. A thermochemical system where neither energy can be exchanged with its surroundings is called a closed system.

7. Compounds formed from their elements in exothermic reaction have negative AH; lonic compounds usually have more negative enthalpies of formation.

8. Thermodynamics can tell us the direction and extent of a reaction but tells nothing about the speed of a reaction. Majority of spontaneous reactions are exothermic especially in irreversible reactions.

9. Enthalpy provides a quantitative measure of how much energy is spread out when something happens. Entropy is associated with the second law of thermodynamics.

10. If the change in free energy, AG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction. It is more convenient to use change in enthalpy, AH, as a criterion of spontaneity than change in entropy, AS.

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