Write an abstract of the article below in Results (around 3-4 sentences): RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For the duplicate sets of reactors in experiments A and B, reactors inoculated with Pond 1 started gas formationsooner and peaked earlier than the Pond 2 and Horse Dung reactors. For both sets of reactors, the reactor seeded with pond bottom soil obtained from Pond 1 had the highest methane generation rate, as well as the largest cumulative volume of methane, followed by Pond 2 and finally the reactor seeded with Horse Dung, as shown in Figure 1(A) and (b) below. The possible reason is that Pond 1 is an older pond compared to Pond 2, and the bottom soil obtained from the Pond 1 may have more stable organic matter accumulated as well as higher nutrient concentrations, leading to higher numbers and variety of microbes. Similarly, the reactor inoculated with Horse Dung took the longest time to start up the gas formation, possibly due to less organic matter in the horse dung, leading to an initial thin population of microbes as well as it taking a longer to acclimate to the environment inside the reactor. When gas formation started, it increased quickly. Figure 1 Cumulative methane generation (liters/kg) vs. time for both sets of reactors. Experiment C was the further testing of the effectiveness of best inoculum from the first experiments in degrading mixtures with various proportions of food, paper, and yard waste. All reactors were inoculated with digested waste of Pond 1 (B).The reactor with more Food started gas formation sooner than paper and yard. For all three reactors (food, paper, and yard), through 68 days of reactor operation, food waste had the highest rate of methane generation as well as largest cumulative volume of methane (Figure 2), likely because food waste has the highest amount of cellulose, and more surface areas per unit volume of waste for the microbes to access, than paper and yard waste. Figure 2 Cumulative methane generation (liters/kg) vs. time for food, paper and yard reactors. The results obtained from the current study can be summarized as follows:  For both sets of reactors in experiments A and B, the reactor seeded with pond bottom soil obtained from Pond 1 started gas formation earlier, had the highest methane generation rate, as well as the largest cumulative volume of methane, followed by Pond 2 and finally the reactor seeded with Horse Dung.  The cumulative average methane generation in 95 days for the reactor seeded with Pond 1 was 19.4 % higher than reactor seeded with Pond 2 and 72% higher than reactor seeded with Horse Dung. Similarly, reactor Pond 2 generated 44% more methane than the reactor with Horse Dung. Pond soils obtained from Pond 1 and Pond 2 gave better performance than Horse Dung as an inoculum for treating household wastes.  In experiment C, for all reactors (food, paper, and yard) inoculated with digested waste of Pond 1 (B), the reactor with more food started gas formation sooner and had the largest cumulative volume of methane, compared to the paper and yard reactors. Cumulative methane generation of the reactor containing the most food was 1.13 times more than paper and 2 times more than the yard reactor through 68 days of reactor operation. It is likely that food waste decomposes faster than paper and yard waste because food waste has the highest amount of cellulose, as well as more surface area per unit volume of waste for the microbes to access.

Write an abstract of the article below in Results (around 3-4 sentences): RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For the duplicate sets of reactors in experiments A and B, reactors inoculated with Pond 1 started gas formationsooner and peaked earlier than the Pond 2 and Horse Dung reactors. For both sets of reactors, the reactor seeded with pond bottom soil obtained from Pond 1 had the highest methane generation rate, as well as the largest cumulative volume of methane, followed by Pond 2 and finally the reactor seeded with Horse Dung, as shown in Figure 1(A) and (b) below. The possible reason is that Pond 1 is an older pond compared to Pond 2, and the bottom soil obtained from the Pond 1 may have more stable organic matter accumulated as well as higher nutrient concentrations, leading to higher numbers and variety of microbes. Similarly, the reactor inoculated with Horse Dung took the longest time to start up the gas formation, possibly due to less organic matter in the horse dung, leading to an initial thin population of microbes as well as it taking a longer to acclimate to the environment inside the reactor. When gas formation started, it increased quickly. Figure 1 Cumulative methane generation (liters/kg) vs. time for both sets of reactors. Experiment C was the further testing of the effectiveness of best inoculum from the first experiments in degrading mixtures with various proportions of food, paper, and yard waste. All reactors were inoculated with digested waste of Pond 1 (B).The reactor with more Food started gas formation sooner than paper and yard. For all three reactors (food, paper, and yard), through 68 days of reactor operation, food waste had the highest rate of methane generation as well as largest cumulative volume of methane (Figure 2), likely because food waste has the highest amount of cellulose, and more surface areas per unit volume of waste for the microbes to access, than paper and yard waste. Figure 2 Cumulative methane generation (liters/kg) vs. time for food, paper and yard reactors. The results obtained from the current study can be summarized as follows:  For both sets of reactors in experiments A and B, the reactor seeded with pond bottom soil obtained from Pond 1 started gas formation earlier, had the highest methane generation rate, as well as the largest cumulative volume of methane, followed by Pond 2 and finally the reactor seeded with Horse Dung.  The cumulative average methane generation in 95 days for the reactor seeded with Pond 1 was 19.4 % higher than reactor seeded with Pond 2 and 72% higher than reactor seeded with Horse Dung. Similarly, reactor Pond 2 generated 44% more methane than the reactor with Horse Dung. Pond soils obtained from Pond 1 and Pond 2 gave better performance than Horse Dung as an inoculum for treating household wastes.  In experiment C, for all reactors (food, paper, and yard) inoculated with digested waste of Pond 1 (B), the reactor with more food started gas formation sooner and had the largest cumulative volume of methane, compared to the paper and yard reactors. Cumulative methane generation of the reactor containing the most food was 1.13 times more than paper and 2 times more than the yard reactor through 68 days of reactor operation. It is likely that food waste decomposes faster than paper and yard waste because food waste has the highest amount of cellulose, as well as more surface area per unit volume of waste for the microbes to access.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Figure 1 Cumulative methane generation (liters/kg) vs. time for both sets of reactors.
Experiment C was the further testing of the effectiveness of best inoculum from the first experiments in degrading
mixtures with various proportions of food, paper, and yard waste. All reactors were inoculated with digested
waste of Pond 1 (B).The reactor with more Food started gas formation sooner than paper and yard. For all three
reactors (food, paper, and yard), through 68 days of reactor operation, food waste had the highest rate of
methane generation as well as largest cumulative volume of methane (Figure 2), likely because food waste has
the highest amount of cellulose, and more surface areas per unit volume of waste for the microbes to access,
than paper and yard waste.
Figure 2 Cumulative methane generation (liters/kg) vs. time for food, paper and yard reactors.

The results obtained from the current study can be summarized as follows:

 For both sets of reactors in experiments A and B, the reactor seeded with pond bottom soil obtained from
Pond 1 started gas formation earlier, had the highest methane generation rate, as well as the largest
cumulative volume of methane, followed by Pond 2 and finally the reactor seeded with Horse Dung.
 The cumulative average methane generation in 95 days for the reactor seeded with Pond 1 was 19.4 %
higher than reactor seeded with Pond 2 and 72% higher than reactor seeded with Horse Dung. Similarly,
reactor Pond 2 generated 44% more methane than the reactor with Horse Dung. Pond soils obtained from
Pond 1 and Pond 2 gave better performance than Horse Dung as an inoculum for treating household wastes.
 In experiment C, for all reactors (food, paper, and yard) inoculated with digested waste of Pond 1 (B), the
reactor with more food started gas formation sooner and had the largest cumulative volume of methane,
compared to the paper and yard reactors. Cumulative methane generation of the reactor containing the most
food was 1.13 times more than paper and 2 times more than the yard reactor through 68 days of reactor
operation. It is likely that food waste decomposes faster than paper and yard waste because food waste has
the highest amount of cellulose, as well as more surface area per unit volume of waste for the microbes to
access.

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