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Write a function path that returns the path from the root of the tree to the given value item if it exists and [] if it does not. You can assume all values are unique.

Write a function path that returns the path from the root of the tree to the given value item if it exists and [] if it does not. You can assume all values are unique.

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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Write a function `path` that returns the path from the root of the tree to the given value `item` if it exists and `[]` if it does not. You can assume all values are unique. ```python def path(t, item): """ >>> t = Tree(9, [Tree(7, [Tree(3), Tree(2)]), Tree(5)]) >>> path(t, 2) [9, 7, 2] >>> path(t, 5) [9, 5] >>> path(t, 8) [] """ "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***" ```
Transcribed Image Text:Write a function `path` that returns the path from the root of the tree to the given value `item` if it exists and `[]` if it does not. You can assume all values are unique. ```python def path(t, item): """ >>> t = Tree(9, [Tree(7, [Tree(3), Tree(2)]), Tree(5)]) >>> path(t, 2) [9, 7, 2] >>> path(t, 5) [9, 5] >>> path(t, 8) [] """ "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***" ```
### Python Tree Class Explanation The following Python code defines a `Tree` class used for creating and manipulating tree-like data structures. Let's break down the components of this class: ```python class Tree: def __init__(self, value, branches=()): self.value = value for branch in branches: assert isinstance(branch, Tree) self.branches = list(branches) def __repr__(self): if self.branches: branches_str = ', ' + repr(self.branches) else: branches_str = '' return 'Tree({0}{1})'.format(self.value, branches_str) def __str__(self): def print_tree(t, indent=0): tree_str = ' ' * indent + str(t.value) + "\n" for b in t.branches: tree_str += print_tree(b, indent + 1) return tree_str return print_tree(self).rstrip() def is_leaf(self): return not self.branches ``` #### Key Components: 1. **Initialization (`__init__` method):** - `self.value`: Stores the value of the node. - `self.branches`: Initializes as a list from the `branches` tuple, ensuring each branch is an instance of `Tree` using the `assert` statement. 2. **Representation (`__repr__` method):** - Provides a string representation of the `Tree` object for debugging. - Displays the tree's value and a string of its branches if they exist. 3. **String Representation (`__str__` method):** - Nested function `print_tree` prints the tree in a structured format with indentation for branches. - Trailing whitespace is removed by `rstrip()` for cleaner output. 4. **Leaf Check (`is_leaf` method):** - Returns `True` if the tree node is a leaf (i.e., it has no branches), otherwise returns `False`. This implementation is useful for understanding the basic construction and traversal of trees in Python. The `Tree` class supports creating hierarchical data structures with potentially multiple branches at each node.
Transcribed Image Text:### Python Tree Class Explanation The following Python code defines a `Tree` class used for creating and manipulating tree-like data structures. Let's break down the components of this class: ```python class Tree: def __init__(self, value, branches=()): self.value = value for branch in branches: assert isinstance(branch, Tree) self.branches = list(branches) def __repr__(self): if self.branches: branches_str = ', ' + repr(self.branches) else: branches_str = '' return 'Tree({0}{1})'.format(self.value, branches_str) def __str__(self): def print_tree(t, indent=0): tree_str = ' ' * indent + str(t.value) + "\n" for b in t.branches: tree_str += print_tree(b, indent + 1) return tree_str return print_tree(self).rstrip() def is_leaf(self): return not self.branches ``` #### Key Components: 1. **Initialization (`__init__` method):** - `self.value`: Stores the value of the node. - `self.branches`: Initializes as a list from the `branches` tuple, ensuring each branch is an instance of `Tree` using the `assert` statement. 2. **Representation (`__repr__` method):** - Provides a string representation of the `Tree` object for debugging. - Displays the tree's value and a string of its branches if they exist. 3. **String Representation (`__str__` method):** - Nested function `print_tree` prints the tree in a structured format with indentation for branches. - Trailing whitespace is removed by `rstrip()` for cleaner output. 4. **Leaf Check (`is_leaf` method):** - Returns `True` if the tree node is a leaf (i.e., it has no branches), otherwise returns `False`. This implementation is useful for understanding the basic construction and traversal of trees in Python. The `Tree` class supports creating hierarchical data structures with potentially multiple branches at each node.
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