Why would LDH be up- or down-regulated depending on location of cancer cells? Anaerobic cancer cells enhance rates of ATP production and rely on pyruvate to lactate conversion. LDH5 expressed can vary in favoring pyruvate for conversion to lactate (anaerobic metabolism). Aerobic compartments in newly formed fibrobasts and vessels use lactate to convert to pyruvate for oxidative phosphorylation and favor lactate conversion to pyruvate by LDH1 (aerobic metabolism). Lactate dehydrogenase is upregulated in both cancer cells and supporting stroma and vessels, thus only LDH5 is upregulated showing enhanced expression levels and thus presence at the plasma membrane to increase levels of lactate for export, LDH1 levels are always consistent. LDH1 is upregulated in response to the export of lactate by MCT1, while LDH5 is down-regulated Neither LDH1 or LDH5 are both consistently expressed, regardless of oxygen levels
Why would LDH be up- or down-regulated depending on location of cancer cells?
Anaerobic cancer cells enhance rates of ATP production and rely on pyruvate to lactate conversion. LDH5 expressed can vary in favoring pyruvate for conversion to lactate (anaerobic
Lactate dehydrogenase is upregulated in both cancer cells and supporting stroma and vessels, thus only LDH5 is upregulated showing enhanced expression levels and thus presence at the plasma membrane to increase levels of lactate for export, LDH1 levels are always consistent.
LDH1 is upregulated in response to the export of lactate by MCT1, while LDH5 is down-regulated
Neither LDH1 or LDH5 are both consistently expressed, regardless of oxygen levels
Introduction
glycolysis is a process by which glucose breaks into pyruvate. Glycolysis occurs both in aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis contains 10 steps. All the steps are catalysed by various enzymes.
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