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- Birds Primates Rodents Fish Amphibians Reptiles Hair/ fur Egg shells Amniotic egg slo Four limbs Vertebrae o ons epsilosg primsel e grioisgen noitsolinsrabns noitasup o 1. Explain what the cladogram illustrates. nuogos arll iw 1ognoecomm no ape88eme 0000-0N 8490 1edmun Eukaryotes wded ane ot.ont 2. Do the cladogram shows how evolution takes place? 3. Which of the organism cited in the cladogram consider as the oldest ancestor?With improving technology, acquiring DNAsequences from different organisms becomeseasier each year. With that in mind, some authors(e.g., Scotland et al. 2003, Systematic Biology52 [4]: 539–548) have suggested that the use ofmorphological data is less important than DNAsequence data and have called for less emphasison the use of comparative morphology in building phylogenies. Other authors maintain thatdespite the explosion of molecular data available, morphology still has an important role inphylogenetics (for examples, see Wiens 2004,Systematic Biology 53 [4]: 653–661 and Will andRubinoff 2004, Cladistics 20 [1]: 47–55). Whatare the reasons for and against using morphological data in phylogenetic reconstruction?When might morphological data be especiallyimportant?Which of the following represents the most closely related group of organisms in the phylogeny shown above? A C E F G
- Which of the following statements is true about cladograms? Cladograms are used to show the organisms that are phenotypically different Cladograms are constructed to represent the sequence of events that took place in Earth Cladograms are used to show the sequence of organisms that arise on Earth Cladograms are used to represent the evolutionary relationships between groups of animalsConsider the cladogram representing most of the major classes of animals. Consider the point A in the cladogram. What characteristic(s) might be used to separate fish from the other animals following in the cladogram? hale symmetnical ancestor O Endoskeleton O Non-terrestrial O Four legs or supports O The presence of scales2 3 A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Outgroup (0) Draw the 3 possible cladograms and determine which of the trees would be accepted by a cladist as the best estimate of phylogeny.
- Qurion 20 Wrich of the foliowing conclusions is NOT supported whenu derived character iu marked on a poirnt in the cladogram represented by point yin the diogrum below? E C B. O . All groups that coma aftar that point an the ciadogram shara that darivaci character. O b. Groups that divarged oortior than that paint have an ancostral or a difforont derivod form of the character. O C Al groups thot diverge after that point represent a polyphyletie lineage. O d. The common ancestor at that point in tima ovoved that dorivod characterWhat kind of trait is important to cladistics? a. shared derived traits b. shared ancestral traits c. analogous traits d. parsimonious traitsWhat are the ORDER/FAMILYs under Major Cubozoan Taxa? Give their characterictics, distribution, and give 2 example species each order/family.
- Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small pelvis and leg bones that are rermnants from this ancestor. What are these called? * O Vestigial structure Homologous strucre O Sympatric structure Molecular homologyEVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at aspecies’ close relatives to learn what its ancestors may havebeen like. Explain how his suggestion anticipates recentmethods, such as phylogenetic bracketing and the use ofoutgroups in cladistic analysis.A scientist is attempting to a cladogram that shows the evolutionary closeness of three organisms in relation to humansAfter doing DNA analysis, they that the organisms share the following percentages of DNA Organism A and humans share 85% of their DNA Organismn and humans share 80% of their DNA Organism and humans share 90% of their DNA Based on informationwhich order should they go on the cladogram ( related to most related ?