Which of the following may occur as a result of cross-talk? (Select ALL correct answers) O A cell may have a stronger response to a ligand than usual A cell may have a weaker response to a ligand than usual A signaling pathway may branch, leading to two responses The ligand may be blocked from activating the receptor 0000

Which of the following may occur as a result of cross-talk? (Select ALL correct answers) O A cell may have a stronger response to a ligand than usual A cell may have a weaker response to a ligand than usual A signaling pathway may branch, leading to two responses The ligand may be blocked from activating the receptor 0000

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section4.5: Intercellular Communication And Signal Transduction

Problem 3CYU: Outline the three general means by which binding of a water soluble extracellular chemical messenger...

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G protein-coupled receptors bind extracellular signals then activates trimeric G proteins inside the cell. Based on this information, which of the following statements best characterizes G protein- coupled receptors? O It is peripheral and monolayer associated O It is integral and transmembrane O It is peripheral and transmembrane O Itis integral and monolayer associated
Which of the following is incorrect about the G protein signaling pathways? a. The binding of the ligand to the receptor activates the G protein b. The G protein-coupled receptors are known as 7TM receptors Oc. They involve the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) Od. The G protein activates a kinase that catalyzes the formation of ATP
In this mechanim of receptor regulation, there is uncoupling of the signaling pathway. Even though the ligand is bound to the receptor located in the plasma membrane, downstream signaling is not occuring. This is best described as: Answers A-D A receptor internalization B receptor desensitization C receptor sensitization 5 D receptor downregulation
Below are schematics of two cell signalling pathways. Based on these diagrams, which of the following statements are likely true? Choose only the best answer. Cell 1 Receptor 1 ✓ Adenylyl cyclase V CAMP V Protein kinase A ✓ Protein kinase V Response 1 Receptor 2 ✓ Protein kinase V Protein kinase V Response 2 Cell 2 Only Cell 1 contains a relay molecule. The receptor of Cell 1 must be a receptor tyrosine kinase. All of the other statements are likely true. There is likely greater amplification of the signal in Cell 1. Receptor 3 Protein kinase
Which of the following is the best description of how a G protein coupled receptor responds to a ligand binding? O Binding of ligand to the receptor causes the G protein to swap out GTP for GDP Binding of ligand to the receptor causes the G proteins to dimerize and trigger cross-phosphorylation Binding of ligand to the receptor causes the G protein to become activated, then the G protein travels through the plasma membrane to activate an enzyme Binding of ligand to the G protein triggers it to swap out GDP for GTP, causing it to become activated OOO O
In a patient with Essential thrombocytemia, a mutation in JAK2 - a downstream effector of cytokine receptor, results in a constitutive activation of the pseudokinase domain of the receptor and an inhibition of signaling via this pathway. Group of answer choices True False
X Receptor proteins in the plasma membrane have a non-specific binding affinity ye Y. Homeostasis requires that cells create and maintain internal environments that are similar to their external kei environments. Fla Select one: Only the first statement is TRUE Both statements are FALSE Only the second statement is TRUE Both statements are TRUE,
A drug binds to a receptor and causes an immediate change in the electrical signaling or excitability of that cell, without activating another signaling molecule. What type of receptor is this drug most likely binding to? G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Ligand-gated ion channel Enzyme-coupled receptor Intracellular receptor Voltage-gated ion channel
What is TRUE of G protein coupled receptors and G proteins? Choose the best two answers. They consist of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits O They use ATP They are not very common O They are located in the cell membrane O They are located in the cytoplasm
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The figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the bindiıng of adrehalMNe LU the beta-adrenergic receptor. Binding of adrenaline to the receptor causes GTP-binding and activation of G proteins. Active GTP-bound G protein activates adenylate cyclase to initiate a signaling cascade that affects cellular responses, and includes cellular changes to mediate increased heart rate and accounts for the flight-or-fight response. activated adenylate cyclase adrenaline activated B-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase G protein subunit 22 GTP SDP conformational ATP CAMP change in receptor heterotrimeric G protein ACAMP inactive protein kinase A active protein kinase A 4 cellular responses Consider the homozygous mutation in which a cell produces a variant of adenylate cyclase that can no longer be activated Which of the following are true in this cell? Select all that apply. Heart rate increases Protein Kinase A is not activated CAMP levels are lower than normal Heart rate decreases