Which of the following biases occurs when various groups in a study are assessed differently for an outcome?
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Q: Since first year students reported at the University of Nairobi, a shop attendant at students hall…
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A: The claim is that the mean empathy score for men is less than the mean empathy score for women.
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- Since first year students reported at the University of Nairobi, a shop attendant at students hall of residence has noticed an increase in sales of fanta soda. As a statistician and market analyst, you would wish to know if there is relationship between soda preference and year level of study at the University of Nairobi. A random sample of 200 students was taken. Their year level and soda preference are given in the table. Soda/Year of study Fist Year Second Year Соса cola 33 57 Fanta 30 20 Spirit 5 35 Stoney 12 8 Based on this information, obtained the Chi-square calculated in 2 decimal placesA study was done looking at cancer rates near a large factory. The researchers collected data for the survey by placing signs around town, listing a survey website that people could log into if they or their family members developed cancer in the last 10 years. What main type of bias in present in this study design? Resemblance bias Low sample size bias Volunteer bias Sample of convenienceThe Interpersonal Reactivity Index is a survey designed to assess four different types of empathy. One type of empathy, called Empathetic Concern, measures the tendency to feel sympathy and compassion for people who are less fortunate. The index ranges from 0 (less empathetic) to 28 (more empathetic). The following data, representing random samples of 8 males and 8 females, are consistent with results reported in psychological studies. Boxplots show that it is reasonable to assume that the populations are approximately normal and have equal variances. Males 13 20 14 16 13 26 21 23 Females 22 20 26 25 28 24 16 19 Can you conclude that there is a difference in mean empathy score between men and women? Use a=0.03. (1) Critical Values (Round off to 3 decimal places): (2) Test Statistic (Round off to 2 decimal places): (3) Conclusion: (Type 'Reject HO' or 'Fail to Reject HO')
- Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?A ski company in Vail owns two ski shops, one on the west side and one on the east side of Vail. Ski hat sales data (in dollars) for a random sample of 5 Saturdays during the 2004 season showed the following results. Is there a significant difference in sales dollars of hats between the west side and east side stores at the 10 percent level of significance? Saturday Sales Data ($) for Ski Hats Saturday East Side Shop West Side Shop 1 548 523 2 493 721 3 609 695 4 567 510 5 432 532 Click here for the Excel Data File (a) Choose the appropriate hypotheses. Assume μd is the difference in average sales between the east side shop and west side shop. a. H0: μd = 0 versus H1: μd ≠ 0.b. H0: μd ≠ 0 versus H1: μd = 0. a b (b) State the decision rule for 10 percent level of significance. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.) Reject the null hypothesis if tcalc < or tcalc > . (c-1) Find the test statistic tcalc. (Round your answer to 2…Empathy: The Interpersonal Reactivity Index is a survey designed to assess four different types of empathy. One type of empathy, called Empathetic Concern measures the tendency to feel sympathy and compassion for people who are less fortunate. The index ranges from 0 (less empathetic) to 28 (more empathet The following data, representing random samples of 11 males and 11 females, are consistent with results reported in psychological studies. Boxplots show tha it is reasonable to assume that the populations are approximately normal. Can you conclude that the mean empathy score for men is less than the mean empathy score for women? Let μ₁ denote the mean empathy score for males and μ₂ denote the mean empathy score for females. Use the a=0.01 level and the critical value method with the table. 12 16 13 26 21 23 8 15 18 25 15 Males 21 23 15 26 25 28 24 16 19 20 23 Females Part 1 of 6 Send data to Excel State the appropriate null and alternate hypotheses. H₁ | M₁ = μ₂ H₁ :|µ₁ <µ₂ This is a…
- A case-control (or retrospective) study was conducted to investigate a relationship between the colors of helmets worn by motorcycle drivers and whether they are injured or killed in a crash. Results are given in the accompanying table. Using a 0.05 significance level, test the claim that injuries are independent of helmet color. Black; White; Yellow; Red; Blue Controls (not injured) 500; 355; 32; 173; 79 Cases (injured or killed) 220; 115; 9; 71; 38The results of a random sample of students by type of school and their attitudes on safety steps taken by the school staff are shown in the table below. At the 5% significance level, can you conclude that attitudes about safety steps taken by the school staff are related to the type of school? School staff has School Type Taken all steps for student safety Taken some steps for student safety Public 40 51 Private 64 34When I was an undergraduate, I helped my father conduct some Child Psychology research about parental influence on gender bias. In this study we interviewed 158 kindergarteners. Our initial question was "What is your favorite color?" where we studied the distribution of "Pink" and "Blue" responses. To our surprise, 38 of the students interviewed responded "Turquoise". Use this information to select the response which correctly answers the question. Being curious, we decided to further interview the children who responded "Turquoise". While he took a lunch break, he told me to select 5 such children to form a group for interviews. How many different possible groups could I have formed? O 769754986 O 5.297 x 1036 O 501942 O 1109750
- A forestry official is comparing the causes of forest fires in three regions. The following table shows the causes of fire for 100 randomly selected recent fires in these three regions. (in photo) Test at a 5% significance level whether causes of fire and regions of fires are related.The director of advertising for the Carolina Sun Times, the largest newspaper in the Carolinas, is studying the relationship between the type of community in which a subscriber resides and the section of the newspaper he or she reads first. For a sample of readers, she collected the sample information in the following table. National News Sports Comics City 170 124 90 Suburb 120 112 100 Rural 130 90 88 At the .05 significance level, can we conclude there is a relationship between the type of community where the person resides and the section of the paper read first? The Test value for this story is: Select one: a.7.340 b.7.414 c. 6.312 d.5.788 e.3.089Which of the following is NOT a threat to the internal validity of an experiment? Experimenter effects. Confounding variables Demand characteristics. Within-groups design.