A study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer, but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these subjects by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties: Elite Non-elite Did not play Arthritis No arthritis 10 9 24 61 206 548 (a)What proportion of the people in this study has arthritis of the hip or knee? (b)Among the former elite soccer players, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee? (c)Among the former non-elite soccer players, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee? (d)Among the people who did not play soccer, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee? (e)Based on this study, can you conclude that there is an association between the playing of soccer and arthritis? Justify your answer.

A study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer, but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these subjects by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties: Elite Non-elite Did not play Arthritis No arthritis 10 9 24 61 206 548 (a)What proportion of the people in this study has arthritis of the hip or knee? (b)Among the former elite soccer players, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee? (c)Among the former non-elite soccer players, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee? (d)Among the people who did not play soccer, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee? (e)Based on this study, can you conclude that there is an association between the playing of soccer and arthritis? Justify your answer.

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MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

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Author:Amos Gilat

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Concept explainers

Inverse Normal Distribution

The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.

Mean, Median, Mode

It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.

Z-Scores

A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.

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A study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer, but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these subjects by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties:

| | Elite | Non-elite | Did not play |
|---------------|-------|-----------|--------------|
| **Arthritis** | 10 | 9 | 24 |
| **No arthritis** | 61 | 206 | 548 |

(a) What proportion of the people in this study has arthritis of the hip or knee?

(b) Among the former elite soccer players, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee?

(c) Among the former non-elite soccer players, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee?

(d) Among the people who did not play soccer, what proportion has arthritis of the hip or knee?

(e) Based on this study, can you conclude that there is an association between the playing of soccer and arthritis? Justify your answer.

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