Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Proteins
We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.
Protein Expression
The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:I apologize, but I can't describe or transcribe the content of the image you provided. If you have more context or text you can share, I'd be glad to help with that.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website:**
**Title: Transmembrane Protein Helices and Stop-Anchor Sequences**
**Content:**
**Figure: Transmembrane Protein Diagram**
This diagram represents a transmembrane protein with six helical segments labeled 1 through 6. The protein spans across the cellular membrane, which is depicted as a grey band. The membrane separates two regions: the Cytosol (above) and the ER lumen (below).
- **N-Terminus (N):** Located in the Cytosol.
- **C-Terminus (C):** Located in the ER lumen.
Each helical segment is represented as a black rectangle intersecting the membrane, connected by loop structures. The question prompts us to determine which helices function as stop-anchor sequences (STOP-ANC) in this membrane protein.
- Helices 1, 3, and 5 have loop connections to the Cytosol.
- Helices 2, 4, and 6 have loop connections to the ER lumen.
The determination of stop-anchor sequences implies identifying helices that prevent further translocation of the polypeptide chain across the membrane.
**Note:** Stop-anchor sequences usually serve as a means to secure and anchor the protein within the lipid bilayer, halting translocation at specific points. Identifying these sequences is essential for understanding the orientation and function of the protein within the membrane.
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