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What will most rapidly undergo solvolysis in aqueous methanol? Br A. В. Br Br C. D. O B OC OD

What will most rapidly undergo solvolysis in aqueous methanol? Br A. В. Br Br C. D. O B OC OD

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Solvolysis in Aqueous Methanol **Question:** What will most rapidly undergo solvolysis in aqueous methanol? **Options and Molecular Structures:** - **A.** - A hydrocarbon chain with four carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the terminal carbon. - Structure: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br - **B.** - A hydrocarbon chain with four carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the central (second) carbon, making two branches. - Structure: CH3-CH(Br)-CH(Br)-CH3 - **C.** - A hydrocarbon chain with five carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the terminal (first) carbon. - Structure: (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH2Br - **D.** - A hydrocarbon chain with five carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the second carbon, making a branched chain in the carbon skeleton. - Structure: Br-CH2-CH2-(CH3)2 **Answer Choices:** - O B - O C - O A - O D **Explanation:** In this context, solvolysis typically refers to the reaction of an alkyl halide with a solvent, usually leading to substitutions or eliminations. Here, we are interested in solvolysis in aqueous methanol, focusing on the rate of reaction. **Factors Affecting Solvolysis Rate in Aqueous Methanol:** 1. **Carbocation stability:** - Secondary and tertiary carbocations are more stable and tend to form more readily than primary carbocations. 2. **Sterics:** - More substituted carbons (i.e., those with more alkyl groups attached) tend to undergo solvolysis faster due to increased carbocation stability. Considering these factors: - **A (1-bromobutane)** is a primary alkyl halide. - **B (1,2-dibromoethane)** involves a primary carbon which also has a bromine substitution, decreasing carbocation stability. - **C (2-bromo-3-methylbutane)** is a tertiary alkyl halide, leading to a more stable tertiary carbocation. - **D (3-bromo-2-m
Transcribed Image Text:### Solvolysis in Aqueous Methanol **Question:** What will most rapidly undergo solvolysis in aqueous methanol? **Options and Molecular Structures:** - **A.** - A hydrocarbon chain with four carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the terminal carbon. - Structure: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br - **B.** - A hydrocarbon chain with four carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the central (second) carbon, making two branches. - Structure: CH3-CH(Br)-CH(Br)-CH3 - **C.** - A hydrocarbon chain with five carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the terminal (first) carbon. - Structure: (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH2Br - **D.** - A hydrocarbon chain with five carbon atoms. One bromine (Br) atom is bonded to the second carbon, making a branched chain in the carbon skeleton. - Structure: Br-CH2-CH2-(CH3)2 **Answer Choices:** - O B - O C - O A - O D **Explanation:** In this context, solvolysis typically refers to the reaction of an alkyl halide with a solvent, usually leading to substitutions or eliminations. Here, we are interested in solvolysis in aqueous methanol, focusing on the rate of reaction. **Factors Affecting Solvolysis Rate in Aqueous Methanol:** 1. **Carbocation stability:** - Secondary and tertiary carbocations are more stable and tend to form more readily than primary carbocations. 2. **Sterics:** - More substituted carbons (i.e., those with more alkyl groups attached) tend to undergo solvolysis faster due to increased carbocation stability. Considering these factors: - **A (1-bromobutane)** is a primary alkyl halide. - **B (1,2-dibromoethane)** involves a primary carbon which also has a bromine substitution, decreasing carbocation stability. - **C (2-bromo-3-methylbutane)** is a tertiary alkyl halide, leading to a more stable tertiary carbocation. - **D (3-bromo-2-m
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