Let's say that the an experiment is planned to test the following hypothesis:Sea urchin fertilization will go down as temperature risesWhat will be the independent & dependent variables in this experiment?

1. Dependent variable - a. a Number of urchins used b. Concentration of Carbon dioxide c.…

Answered: What will be the independent &…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter49: Animal Reproduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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Figure 18.17 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. c. Both progesterone and estrogen are produced by the follicles. d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estrogen but stimulated by high levels of estrogen.
Test Your Understanding 13 EVOLUTION LINK Contrast the biological advantages of hermaphroditism that involves cross-fertilization with hermaphroditism that involves self-fertilization.
Fertilization _____. a. unites the nuclei of a sperm and egg cell b. forms a zygote that has chromosomes of both parents c. usually occurs in an oviduct d. all of the above e. a and b but not c
Researchers are learning how to transfer sperm-making cells from fertile male mice into infertile male mice in the hopes of learning more about reproductive abnormalities. These donor spermatogonia cells have developed into mature spermatozoa in 70% of cases, and some recipients have gone on to father pups (as baby mice are called). This new advance opens the way for a host of experimental genetic manipulations. It also offers enormous potential for correcting human genetic disease. One potentially useful human application of this procedure is treating infertile males who wish to be fathers. a. Do you foresee any ethical or legal problems with the implementation of this technique? If so, elaborate on the concerns. b. Could this procedure have the potential for misuse? If so, explain how.
Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?
Which of the following are mismatched? (a) endoderm; lining of the digestive tube (b) ectoderm; circulatory system (c) mesoderm; notochord (d) mesoderm; reproductive system (e) ectoderm; sense organs
Test Your Understanding 16 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The incidence of abortion has declined more in countries where abortions are legal (and safe) than in countries in which they are illegal (and unsafe). Can you suggest an explanation?
External fertilization occurs in which type of environment? a. aquatic b. forested c. savanna d. steppe
A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering behavior impacts the stress response in their pups. Rats that were born and grew up with attentive mothers showed low activation of stress-response genes later in life, while rats with inattentive mothers had high activation of stress-response genes in the same situation. An additional study that swapped the pups at birth (i.e., rats born to inattentive mothers grew up with attentive mothers and vice versa) showed the same positive effect of attentive mothering. How do genetics and/or epigenetics explain the results of this study?
In the embryonic development of the eye: a. the optic vesicle cells permanently adhere to each other to prevent movement, whereas the optic cup cells are very motile. b. the optic cup induces the surface ectoderm to form the lens placode. c. gradients determine that the ectoderm overlying the lens vesicle develops into the optic vesicle. d. microtubules powered by myosins and microfilaments powered by dyneins move the eye components around in the head region. e. cadherins function in the presence of calcium to allow the lens placode and optic cup to break apart.
How Is Sex Determined? The absence of a Y chromosome in an early embryo causes the: a. embryonic testis to become an ovary b. Wolffian duct system to develop c. Mllerian duct system to degenerate d. indifferent gonad to become an ovary e. indifferent gonad to become a testis
Describe the two events that are common to all sexually reproducing organisms and how they fit into the different life cycles of those organisms.

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