What type of regulation would be expected when anaerobic metabolism is occurring in the muscle?Select all that apply.O Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinaseO Increased levels of calcium to activate pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphataseO Phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenaseO Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complexO Increased levels of NADH to activate citrate synthaseO Increased levels of NADH to inhibit alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complexO Increased levels of acetyl CoA to activate pyruvate carboxylase for gluconeogenesis

Depending on the need of the body, the fate of intermediates of Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, Citric…

Answered: What type of regulation would be…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Select all false statements about pentose phosphate pathway. Glucose-6-phosphate is common to glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway contributes to nucleotide synthesis. NADP* is oxidized to NADPH in the pathway. Oxidative phase of pentose phosphate pathway recycles pentose phosphates to glucose 6-phosphate. Products of the pentose phosphate pathway contribute to reductive biosynthesis reactions. NADH formed in pentose phosphate pathway is used for production of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
Unlike a rabbit, running all-out for a few moments to escape a predator, migratory birds require energy for extended periods of time. For example, ducks generally fly several thousand miles during their annual migration. The flight muscles of migratory birds have a high oxidative capacity and obtain the necessary ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA (obtained from fats) via the citric acid cycle. Compare the regulation of muscle glycolysis during short-term intense activity, as in a fleeing rabbit, and during extended activity, as in the migrating duck. Why must the regulation in these two settings be different? Extended activity requires the highly efficient anaerobic metabolism of fats, rather than the less efficient aerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity requires the highly efficient aerobic oxidation of fats, rather than the less efficient anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity stimulates glycolysis because the concentrations of citrate and acetyl-CoA are…
The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate (producing ATP) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (producing NADH) phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate (producing ATP) fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (consuming ATP) glucose into glucose-6-phosphate (consuming ATP)
Elevated levels of acetyl-CoA will act as an effector for which of the following enzymes? Pyruvate carboxylase. Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Citrate synthase a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
How is the malate shuttle used in the liver to increase the number of ATP generated from glycolysis? Contrast this with how NADH from glycolysis is dealt with in the muscle.
Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) is dependent on indicators of energy charge (i.e. ATP/ADP ratio) and redox status (i.e. NADH/NAD* ratio). Answer the following questions about regulation of the PDH. a. The PDH is subject to regulation by a kinase and a phosphatase. Upon phosphorylation by the kinase, activity of PDH is reduced. Removal of the phosphoryl by the phosphatase increases activity of PDH. For the following metabolites, select whether the kinase that acts upon PDH is likely to be allosterically activated or inhibited by the molecule. ATP: [Select] NADH: [Select] b. When oxygen is depleted, the electron transport chain does not flow. What effect would these conditions have on activity of the PDH and why? (note, superscript does not work in the dropdown menu so NAD+ = NAD*) What effect?: [Select] Why?: [Select]
Which of the following is incorrect about the conversion of pyruvate (with 3 C) and CO₂ to oxaloacetate (with 4 C) catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase? O a. Pyruvate is being carboxylated O b. Pyruvate carboxylase is not a regulatory enzyme Oc. Pyruvate carboxylase uses biotin (a vitamin) as a cofactor Od. The reaction is.irreversible
Consider the reaction shown, which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase? high concentrations of acetyl-CoA high concentrations of NADH high concentrations of NAD+ high concentrations of CO2
Insulin signals activate all of the following enzymes except: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) Protein kinase B (PKB; or Akt) All of the above enzymes are activated by insulin signals Citrate move in and out of mitochondria via a specific transport protein. What would happen if aninhibitor completely inhibited this transport system? Fatty acid biosynthesis would slow down Ketone body synthesis would slow down Both A and B Neither A nor B
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is an activator of and an inhibitor of O phosphofructokinase; hexokinase O fructose bisphosphatase; phosphofructokinase O phosphofructokinase; fructose bisphosphatase O glucose-6-phosphatase; pyruvate kinase O pyruvate kinase; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
a Lactate dehydrogenase H H3C-C-COO- OH L-(+)-Lactase b Creatine kinase CH3 H₂N This is a(an) NH₂ Creatine + ATP Adenosine triphosphate This is a(an) ADP OOC-C-CH3 Adenosine diphosphate Pyruvate CH3 ON ồ Ò NH2 Y Phosphocreatine

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