Q: How do neurotransmitters function and how are they deactivated?
A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that are released from the axon terminals of a…
Q: What is the benefit of having synaptic enzymes breakdown neurotransmitter molecules?
A: Answer- The synaptic enzyme is present in the synapse of the neuron. It is used to break down the…
Q: When and how is the Myelin insulator used?
A: The myelin sheath which covers the neuronal axon creates an insulating layer by surrounding the…
Q: What is Parkinson’sdisease?
A: The neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease.
Q: What is the role of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme?
A: Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter of PNS (parasympathetic nervous system). It is the part of ANS…
Q: What is Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)? What connection does it have to exercise, nature…
A: The nerve cells also known as neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.…
Q: What would happen if there is an increase of acetylcholine and serotonin receptor activation in the…
A: Neurons or nerve cells are the cells of the nervous system responsible for carrying and conveying…
Q: Explain the use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter?
A: Acetylcholine is the first neurotransmitter identified, it is a small- molecule excitatory…
Q: What is the β adrenergic receptor? Where is it expressed?
A: Given: The β adrenergic receptor.
Q: Which types of patch clamp technique should be used if you want to determine if a particular…
A: The Patch-clamp method is an electrophysiological laboratory technique for examining currents and…
Q: hich enzyme degrades acetylcholine?
A: Acetylcholine is an ester of choline and acetic acid that acts as neurotransmitters present within…
Q: What is alzheimer's disease?
A: Alzheimer’s disease is a disorder that affects the cognitive functions of the brain. It develops…
Q: is Alzheimer’s disease and why is it bad ?
A: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy)…
Q: What is Neuroeffector Communication?
A: Neurons of the nervous system communicate to each other at junctions, the synapses. These chemical…
Q: Why do you think Alzheimer'sdisease can not be cured through the intake of neurotransmitter?
A: Introduction Neuron/Nerve: A neuron is a single nerve cell which consists of central cell body,…
Q: What is the muscarininc acetylcholine receptor? Where is it expressed?
A: Membrane proteins are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane. Unsurprisingly, they are…
Q: Which of the following rows correctly identify the effects of methylphenidate in individuals with…
A: Methylphenidate is a stimulant drug that is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder…
Q: Is the genetic basis stronger for early-onset or lateonset Parkinson’s disease?
A: Parkinson,s disorder is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the nervous system is usually…
Q: Is Genetics a Factor in Parkinson's Disease?
A: Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system condition. The condition affects numerous brain…
Q: What is the role of oxidate stress in the development of Parkinson's disease? Oxidative stress plays…
A: Parkinson's disease (PD) :- is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects…
Q: What is the muscarininc acetylcholine receptor? Where is it expressed?
A: Membrane proteins are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane. Unsurprisingly, they are…
Q: What are neurotransmitters ? Why are they used ?
A: Biology terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…
Q: The gene for red-green color blindness is recessive and X-linked. What will be the expected…
A: Human eyes are capable of detecting three colours: red, green, and blue. These colours are…
Q: What is dementia secondary to parkinson's disease?
A: Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the nervous system, causes due to weakening, break down, or…
Q: Valium and other benzodiazepines enhance function of which synaptic receptors?
A: Receptors are proteins in nature. They are usually located on the surface of the cell. They bind to…
Q: How does the LRRK2 gene's mutations relate to Parkinson's disease and its onset?
A: Parkinson's disease is a gradual nervous system condition and it involves many areas of the brain…
Q: A mutation causes a switch in dopamine receptor G-protein-coupled mechanisms in the basal ganglia,…
A: Hyperkinetic muscle activity is shown by the hyperactive behaviour of muscle fibres in the affected…
Q: What is acetylcholinesterase? Describe its action.
A: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme. Enzymes either degrade or synthesize products using various…
Q: What are some repurposing medicines that are currently used for treating parkinson disease? (350…
A: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 1% of the…
Q: what is acetylcholinesterase and where is it found?
A: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that plays a key role in relaying signals between nerve…
Q: What is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor? Where is it expressed?
A: Introduction : Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a receptor which responds to the…
Q: Which neourotransmitter does methadone affect and how does the drug alter neurotransmission?
A: Methadone is also known by it's brand names Dolophine and methadose.Route of administration of…
Q: How does acetylcholinesterase contribute to Alzheimer's?
A: In an individual with Alzheimer's sickness, there are lower levels of a chemical called…
What role does acetylcholinesterase play in Alzheimer's disease?
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- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that can alleviate symptoms of depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing the amount of time that 5-HT remains active. Elevated levels of 5-HT within the synapse are associated with feelings of well-being; conversely, low levels of 5-HT are correlated with depressive symptoms. Recent studies have shown that SSRIs can also mediate their antidepressant effects by increasing brain levels of certain cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNY). IFNY directly induces the expression of the protein p11 in neighboring neurons, which then interacts with 5-HTR4, a 5-HT transmembrane receptor. Figures 1 and 2 provide information about this interaction. 5-HTR4 protein (% of WT) expression CAMP levels (% change control) from 120T 100+ 80+ 60+ 40+ 20+ 0 MEM TOT Figure 1 5-HTR4 protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fraction (MEM) of hippocampal lysate and in total hippocampal…What is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor? Where is it expressed?Which types of patch clamp technique should be used if you want to determine if a particular compound is influencing synaptic transmission presynaptically or post synaptically?
- Studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have lower than normal amounts of dopamine and norepinephrine excitatory neurotransmitters in their synapses. Methylphenidate is one of the drugs prescribed to individuals with ADHD. It prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters from the synapses, thereby keeping these neurotransmitters in the synapses longer. Which of the following rows correctly identify the effects of methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD? Select one: a. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to potassium ions. b. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to potassium ions. c. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to sodium ions. d. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to sodium ions.Studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have lower than normal amounts of dopamine and norepinephrine excitatory neurotransmitters in their synapses. Methylphenidate is one of the drugs prescribed to individuals with ADHD. It prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters from the synapses, thereby keeping these neurotransmitters in the synapses longer. Which of the following rows correctly identify the effects of methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD? Select one: a. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to potassium ions. b. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to potassium ions. c. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to sodium ions. d. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to sodium ions.Spastic paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to relax), induced by the neurotoxin strychnine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of: the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels
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