} What is the output of this Java program? class Driver { public static void main(String[] args) { int a = bar(3); int b foo(a); System.out.print(b); } static int foo(int a) { bar(a) - 1; return a; static int bar(int a) { System.out.print(a); return a + 2; }

Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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### What is the Output of this Java Program?

Here is the given Java program:

```java
class Driver {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = bar(3);
        int b = foo(a);
        System.out.print(b);
    }

    static int foo(int a) {
        a = bar(a) - 1;
        return a;
    }

    static int bar(int a) {
        System.out.print(a);
        return a + 2;
    }
}
```

**Explanation:**

1. The program execution begins with the `main` method.
   
2. In the `main` method, `bar(3)` is called first:
   - This prints `3` to the console (because of `System.out.print(a)` inside `bar`).
   - Then `bar` returns `3 + 2`, which is `5`, so `a` is assigned the value `5`.

3. Next, `foo(a)` is called where `a` is `5`:
   - Inside `foo`, it first calls `bar(a)`, where `a` is `5`:
     - `bar(5)` prints `5` to the console.
     - Then `bar` returns `5 + 2`, which is `7`.
   - `foo` then subtracts `1` from this result, so `a` becomes `7 - 1`, which is `6`.
   - Finally, `foo` returns `6`.

4. `b` is assigned the returned value of `foo(a)`, which is `6`. Therefore, the final statement `System.out.print(b)` prints `6` to the console.

**Output:**

The sequence of prints happens as follows:
- `3` when calling `bar(3)`
- `5` when calling `bar(5)`
- `6` from the final print statement in the `main` method.

So, the output will be:
```
356
```

This means the console output from running this program will be the concatenation of these values: `3`, `5`, and `6`.
Transcribed Image Text:### What is the Output of this Java Program? Here is the given Java program: ```java class Driver { public static void main(String[] args) { int a = bar(3); int b = foo(a); System.out.print(b); } static int foo(int a) { a = bar(a) - 1; return a; } static int bar(int a) { System.out.print(a); return a + 2; } } ``` **Explanation:** 1. The program execution begins with the `main` method. 2. In the `main` method, `bar(3)` is called first: - This prints `3` to the console (because of `System.out.print(a)` inside `bar`). - Then `bar` returns `3 + 2`, which is `5`, so `a` is assigned the value `5`. 3. Next, `foo(a)` is called where `a` is `5`: - Inside `foo`, it first calls `bar(a)`, where `a` is `5`: - `bar(5)` prints `5` to the console. - Then `bar` returns `5 + 2`, which is `7`. - `foo` then subtracts `1` from this result, so `a` becomes `7 - 1`, which is `6`. - Finally, `foo` returns `6`. 4. `b` is assigned the returned value of `foo(a)`, which is `6`. Therefore, the final statement `System.out.print(b)` prints `6` to the console. **Output:** The sequence of prints happens as follows: - `3` when calling `bar(3)` - `5` when calling `bar(5)` - `6` from the final print statement in the `main` method. So, the output will be: ``` 356 ``` This means the console output from running this program will be the concatenation of these values: `3`, `5`, and `6`.
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