What is the energy source for secondary active transport? a. electric gradient b. ionic gradient c. ATP d. a and b e. b and c
What is the energy source for secondary active transport?
a. electric gradient
b. ionic gradient
c. ATP
d. a and b
e. b and c
Active transport is the transport of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Since the movement is against the concentration gradient, active transport cannot happen without a driving force, i.e., energy.
There are two types of active transport, primary and secondary active transport, depending on whether energy (ATP) is directly used for transport (primary active transport) or if movement is coupled with the uphill movement of another substance (secondary active transport).
In living systems, rather than there existing separate electrical and concentration gradients, the combined effect of the difference in charge and concentration creates an electrochemical gradient.
Both primary and secondary active transport need transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane to carry out the transport. Three types of membrane proteins exist: uniporter, antiporter, and symporter. Uniporters transport one type of molecule in one direction. Antiporters transport two molecules in opposite directions. Symporters transport two molecules in the same direction.
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