What is the difference in the setup of VICAT APPARATUS in the normal consistency experiment and the time setting experiment. And why does the normal consistency experiment generate a lower initial penetration  Why do we need to use a new batch of cement for each trial of the normal consistency experiment instead of starting dry and just adding water till normal consistency is achieved.

A soil element beneath a pave ment experiences principal stress rotations when the wheel load, W, passes over it and moves away, as shown in Figure 10.51. In this case, the wheel load has passed over points A and B and is now over point C. The general state of stress at these points is similar to the one shown by a stress block at point D. The phenomenon of principal stress rotation influences the permanent deformation behavior of the pavement layers. Investigate how the magnitude and the orientations of the principal stresses vary with distance from the point of application of the wheel load. Consider the case shown in Figure 10.51. An unpaved aggregate road with a thickness of 610 mm and unit weight of 19.4 kN/m3 is placed over a soil subgrade. A typical single-axle wheel load, W = 40 kN, is applied uniformly over a circular contact area with a radius of R = 150 mm (tire pressure of 565 kN/m2). The horizontal and shear stresses at each point are calculated from a linear elastic finite element analysis for a two-layer pavement and are presented in the following table. a. Use Eq. (10.28) to calculate the vertical stress increases at soil elements A, B, and C that are located at radial distances 0.457,0.267, and 0 m, respectively, from the center of the load. Determine the total vertical stress (y) due to wheel load, the overburden pressure at each point, and enter these values in the table. b. Use the pole method to determine the maximum and minimum principal stresses (1 and 3) for elements A, B, and C. Also determine the orientation (s) of the principal stress with respect to the vertical. Enter these values in the table. c. Plot the variations of 1 and s, with normalized radial distance, r/R, from the center of loading.

A hydrometer test has the following result: Gs = 2.65, temperature of water = 26 C, and L = 10.4 cm at 45 minutes after the start of sedimentation (see Figure 2.25). What is the diameter D of the smallest-size particles that have settled beyond the zone of measurement at that time (that is, t = 45 min)? Figure 2.25 ASTM 152H type of hydrometer placed inside the sedimentation cylinder (Courtesy of Khaled Sobhan, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida)

Refer to Problem 2.C.1. Results of the sieve analysis for Soils A, B, and C are given below. To obtain a more representative sample for further geotechnical testing, a ternary blend is created by uniformly mixing 8000 kg of each soil. Answer the following questions. a. If a sieve analysis is conducted on the mixture using the same set of sieves as shown above, compute the mass retained (as a percentage) and cumulative percent passing in each sieve. b. What would be the uniformity coefficient (Cu) and the coefficient of gradation (Cc) of the mixture?

The subsurface characteristics for a highway pavement rehabilitation project in the southeastern United States are shown in a boring log in Figure 5.13. The highway structure consists of the asphalt pavement underlain by four different soil strata up to a depth of 20 ft, after which the boring was terminated. Some data on the grain size and plasticity characteristics are also provided for each stratum. Perform the following tasks: 1. Determine the AASHTO soil classification and the group index (GI) for each layer. 2. Determine the most probable group symbols and group names for the various layers according to the Unified soil classification system. Use Table 5.3 and the soil characteristics given in the boring log.

Discuss the process of lime stabilization, and indicate the soil characteristics for which it is most effective.

Given four different types of aggregates to be used to produce a blended aggregate for use in the manufacture of asphaltic concrete, determine the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate mix.