What is the difference between an ancestral character and a shared derived character?

Q: How are shared ancestral characters and shared derived characters different? How is the concept of…

A: Homology is defined by  "the relationship between two organs of common descent, which therefore have…

Q: A consortium of dairy and beef farmers has hired you to study the evolutionary origins of domestic…

A: Evolution is a change in the heritable qualities of natural populaces over progressive ages. These…

Q: In a molecular phylogeny what can serve as a synapomorphy?

A: Option (e) Orthologs

Q: crow shark dolphin lamprey frog y garter snake > > c> <<<< vertebrae - fins <U U < keratinous…

A: Cladogram is a diagram which shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms. i.e. a diagram…

Q: In the past, the evolutionary history of whales was represented by cladogram A, shown below. As you…

A: Cladogram is a diagram to represent a a phylogeny i.e. the hypothetical relationships between…

Q: Why do scientists favor the clade in which derived traits evolve the fewest times?

A: Clade refers to the natural group of organisms that shows monophyletic evolution, which means they…

Q: Below are six faces. Each face represents a species. Seven characters are listed in the table, along…

A: Introduction :  Maximum parsimony is an optimality criterion in phylogenetics that favours the…

Q: How do these similarities and differences relate to the evolutionary relationships between these…

A: The specimens used in the study are a frog, a dog, a hen, and a pig.

Q: domestic pig under the genus "Sus"

A: The organisms of the ecosystem have significant properties. Depending upon the different features of…

Q: What materials will be needed to evolve a tiger or any type of organism that is similar to a tiger?

A: The tiger belongs to the Panthera genus and represents the largest surviving cat species. It can be…

Q: a) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What is a branch point? c) What are sister taxa? d) What is a…

A: Carolus Linnaeus proposed a scheme which became the basis for the taxonomy. Taxonomy is the branch…

Q: Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the…

A: Need to find which one of the following is true from the following options related to…

Q: It is possible for two different genes to imply different phylogenetic relationships among a group…

A: The phylogenetic tree helps in identifying the evolutionary relationship between different species…

Q: What is cladistics and why is it significant?

A: Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms on the basis of their morphology, anatomy,…

Q: The number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the…

A: Biological systematics deals with the diversification of living organisms present today and in the…

Q: What features would you study to determine whether adolphin is more closely related to a fish or to…

A: To decide if a dolphin is connected all the more near a fish or to a bear in the former times was…

Q: Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Select…

A: A phylogenetic tree shows the relationship between different related species.  Species are more…

Q: What is "homology"? What is BLAST and how is it used? What’s a major assumption when drawing…

A: Hormology and analogy are the two parameters which help in deciding the place of a particular…

Q: What are the types of evidence and procedures that can be used to establish evolutionary…

A: Evolution can be defined as the change in something or change of something (can be habit, behaviour,…

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationships of a group of organisms, often depicted in…

Q: What two pieces of evidence support the claim that all life on Earth descended from a common…

A: Evolution is the process by which the heritable traits of different organisms evolve over subsequent…

Q: Draw a simple phylogenetic tree for two sisters clades with a common ancestor. Each sister clade…

A: An Evolutionary tree is scientifically known as a phylogenetic tree. It is a branching diagram that…

Q: What are the names of our ancestors?

A: Ancestors: Ancestors simply mean forefathers from where one is descendent. Two persons have genetic…

Q: How is concept of a common ancestor and concept known as descent with modification interconnected?

A: Descent with modification refers to the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their…

Q: On the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to…

A: The idea of a phylogenetic tree evolved from an old idea of a ladder-like development of living…

Q: Referring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs…

A: A phylogenetic tree can be defined as the diagram which represents the evolutionary relationship…

Q: Given the distribution of Hox genes among animals, what would you predict about the number and type…

A: Homeotic genes are responsible for regulating the growth of anatomical structure in a particular…

Q: Assuming the Denisovans, Neanderthals, and humans were able to interbreed, what does this tell you…

A: Denisovans are group of extinct humans. They first identified based upon DNA sequences from…

Q: In the table below is a short gene sequence in 4 closely related taxa and an outgroup. Based on…

A: Phylogenetics helps to reconstruct the past by studying the extant taxa with modern tools. It helps…

Q: What does the regional variation in archaic Homo sapiens represent in terms of the broader story of…

A: Evolution is the process of a species' features changing over numerous generations through natural…

Q: What is the biological definition of a species? A) A group of individuals that can breed and…

A: Introduction: The art to identify differences among organisms and place them into groups reflecting…

Q: Draw a phylogenetic reconstruction for the hypothetical frog species. Once you have a cladogram you…

A: Phylogeny can be defined as the study of the relationship between different organism and their…

Q: What is a clade?

A: In biology, phylogenetics is a part of systematics that addresses the inference of the evolutionary…

Q: I am working on reconstructing the phylogenetic history of North American squirrels. I decide to use…

A: *Phylogenetics is study of reconstructing the evolutionary history of extant taxa based on present…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.