**Question:** What explains the side effect of "acetone-breath" on dieters following a low carbohydrate diet?1. ○ Decreased dietary carbohydrates stimulates fatty acid synthesis and ketogenesis; decarboxylation of acetoacetate generates acetone.2. ○ Decreased dietary carbohydrates leads to decreased fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis; decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate generates acetone.3. ○ Decreased dietary carbohydrates leads to increased fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis; decarboxylation of pyruvate generates acetone.4. ○ Decreased dietary carbohydrates leads to increased fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis; decarboxylation of acetoacetate generates acetone.

Ketone bodies refers to the following compounds: acetone, acetoacetate & β-hydroxybutyrate. They…

Answered: What explains the side effect of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Consider a defect in MIG12 that prevents the binding of this protein to acetyl-CoA carboxylase. How does this defect impact the production of ketone bodies? Increased ketone bodies. Decreased ketone bodies. No effect. A new five-carbon ketone body forms.
Interestingly, we can measure metabolism through respiration, with what’s called the respiratory quotient. What is it? What does a decrease in the non-protein respiratory quotient (npQR ) tell us about the severity of liver disease? Is the liver in this case relying more on Glycogen or Fat?
Consider the reactions of ketogenesis. (a) What role does acetyl-CoA play?(b) How many acetyl-CoA molecules are used in the production of the ketonebodies?(c) What is the essential role of ketone bodies during prolonged starvation?
- The following both link carbohydrate metabolism with lipid biosynthesis: (a) How many molecules of glucose are required to provide the carbon for the synthesis of one molecule of palmitate? (b) How many molecules of glucose are required if all of the glucose first proceeds through the pentose phosphate pathway before proceeding through the rest of glycolysis on its way to pyruvate?
The ketogenic diet is now a trend for people who wants to lose weight. Your task is to come up with a report about this diet and assess its efficacy and implication to the health. Here are your guiding questions: 1) What are ketone bodies and ketogenesis? 2) What is a ketogenic diet? What makes it different from other kinds of diet? 3) What are the good and bad effects of this diet? 4)In your personal opinion, is it safe to continue this diet for a long period of time?
Which of the following statements regarding ketone body formation is not true? O the two other ketone bodies are derived from acetoacetate O ketone bodies are formed in the liver and circulated to other tissues in the body O ketone bodies are essentially soluble forms of fatty acids that can be used for energy O ketone bodies are not the preferred energy source for any type of tissue in the human body
Which changes would be expected in a normal human after a meal rich in carbohydrates (select all that apply)? O increased secretion of the pancreatic hormone, insulin O increased glucose uptake in myocytes via glucose transporters increased activity of glucose 6-phosphatase in hepatocytes O increased activity of the liver enzyme, glucokinase O increased activity of GSK-3 in both myocytes and hepatocytes
Obesity can have hormonal causes, but it is generally the result of overnutrition and lack of exercise. Elevated plasma fatty acids have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. How does this affect metabolism? O The influx of fatty acids to muscle cells shifts metabolism in that tissue toward glycolysis and away from B-oxidation. In addition, the liver is also increasing glycolysis and B-oxidation due to elevated fatty acids. O The influx of fatty acids to muscle cells shifts metabolism in that tissue toward amino acid metabolism and away from gluconeogenesis. In addition, the liver is increasing B-oxidation and gluconeogenesis due to elevated fatty acids. O The influx of fatty acids to muscle cells shifts metabolism in that tissue away from B-oxidation and toward gluconeogenesis. The liver is increasing B-oxidation and lowering rates of gluconeogenesis due to elevated fatty acids. O The influx of fatty acids to muscle cells shifts metabolism in that tissue toward…
Alcohol consumption on an empty stomach results in some interesting biochemical as well as embarrassing behavioral alterations. We will ignore the lat t er. Gluconeogenesis falls; there are increases in intracellular ratios of lactate to pyruvate, of glycerol 3- phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, of glutamate to α - ketoglutarate , and of D-3- hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate. Hypoglycemia develops rapidly Blood pH also falls. Alcohol consumption by a well - fed individual does not lead to hypoglycemia or alteration in blood pH . (a) Why does ethanol consumption result in the altered ratios? (b) Why does hypoglycemia and blood acidosis result in the hungry individual? (c) Why does the well-fed person not experience hypoglycemia?
Metabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following? Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood. Hyperglycemia.
Briefly describe the components of the four major types of lipoproteins and explain the function of each in relation to lipid metabolism in humans.
A carnitine deficiency might manifest itself as... accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the mitochondrial matrix. an inability to run ß-oxidation on 16-carbon fatty acids. excess medium chain fatty acyl-CoA molecules in the mitochondrial matrix. O ketoacidosis. the inability to synthesize long chain fatty acids.

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