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- The absorption of triacylglycerols in the small intestineis an energy-requiring process that involves hydrolyticreactions to yield monoacylglycerol and fatty acids. Aftertheir transport into enterocytes, fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are reconverted into triacylglycerols. Suggest areason why triacylglycerols are not absorbed directlywithout the hydrolytic reactions.After a carbohydrate-rich meal is consumed and the glucoserequirements of all tissues have been met, the liver begins tostore excess glucose in glycogen molecules. Explain the roleof the hexokinases in this phenomenon.The small intestine catabolizes amino acids, producing signifi cant amounts of NH4+. Describe the metabolic fate of the NH4+.
- Why it is also important in the digestion of collagen contained?People on high-fiber diets often have lesscancer (especially of the colon) and lower blood-cholesterol levelsthan people on low-fiber diets, even though fiber is not digestible.Suggest reasons for the benefits of fiberCoenzyme Q (CoQ) is sold as a nutritionalsupplement. One company uses this marketing slogan for CoQ: “Give your heart thefuel it craves most.” Considering the role ofcoenzyme Q, critique this claim. How do youthink this product might function to benefitthe heart? Is CoQ used as a “fuel” during cellular respiration?
- Fatty acids anre absorbed into the intestinal cpithelial celI by: OPassing directly through the lipid membrane Endocytosis OPassing through an open fact channel O Cotransport with Na+ OPrimary active transportDiabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…During periods of prolonged exercise, muscles burn fat released from adipocytes in addition to glucose. Explain howthe need for additional fatty acids by muscle is communicated to the adipocytes.
- LA student, halfan hour afier the dinner, containing about I50 g ofearbohydrates, 20 g of fat, and 40g of peotcin, is siting in a chair and reading d) cnumerate the rogulatory enzmes of fatty acid synthesis from elucose that have their activity and amount increased underthe influcnec ofthe mentioned hormoneIf ox als acctate, the molecule that starts with Acetyl- CoA in the citric at id cych, is not avalible it affects glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Explain can affect steps both in front and behind in cellular respiration. why this StepWHAT is the TOTAL NET YIELD of ATP (incl. ATP equivalents from NTPs, NADH, and FADH2) from the complete aerobic oxidation of this fatty acid to CO2 and H2O?